Domain-specific modelingDomain-specific modeling (DSM) is a software engineering methodology for designing and developing systems, such as computer software. It involves systematic use of a domain-specific language to represent the various facets of a system. Domain-specific modeling languages tend to support higher-level abstractions than general-purpose modeling languages, so they require less effort and fewer low-level details to specify a given system.
General-purpose modelingGeneral-purpose modeling (GPM) is the systematic use of a general-purpose modeling language to represent the various facets of an object or a system. Examples of GPM languages are: The Unified Modeling Language (UML), an industry standard for modeling software-intensive systems EXPRESS, a data modeling language for product data, standardized as ISO 10303-11 IDEF, a group of languages from the 1970s that aimed to be neutral, generic and reusable Gellish, an industry standard natural language oriented modeling language for storage and exchange of data and knowledge, published in 2005 XML, a data modeling language now beginning to be used to model code (MetaL, Microsoft .
Systems Modeling Languagevignette|Collage des diagrammes SysML Systems Modeling Language - SysML en abrégé - est un langage de modélisation spécifique au domaine de l'ingénierie système. Il permet la spécification, l'analyse, la conception, la vérification et la validation de nombreux systèmes et systèmes-de-systèmes. À l'origine, SysML a été développé dans le cadre d'un projet de spécification open source, et inclut une licence open source pour sa distribution et son utilisation.
Object-modeling languageAn object-modeling language is a standardized set of symbols used to model a software system using an object-oriented framework. The symbols can be either informal or formal ranging from predefined graphical templates to formal object models defined by grammars and specifications. A modeling language is usually associated with a methodology for object-oriented development. The modeling language defines the elements of the model. E.g., that a model has classes, methods, object properties, etc.
View modelA view model or viewpoints framework in systems engineering, software engineering, and enterprise engineering is a framework which defines a coherent set of views to be used in the construction of a system architecture, software architecture, or enterprise architecture. A view is a representation of the whole system from the perspective of a related set of concerns. Since the early 1990s there have been a number of efforts to prescribe approaches for describing and analyzing system architectures.
Objet (informatique)En informatique, un objet est un conteneur symbolique et autonome qui contient des informations et des mécanismes concernant un sujet, manipulés dans un programme. Le sujet est souvent quelque chose de tangible appartenant au monde réel. C'est le concept central de la programmation orientée objet (POO). En programmation orientée objet, un objet est créé à partir d'un modèle appelé classe ou prototype, dont il hérite les comportements et les caractéristiques.
Ontology languageIn computer science and artificial intelligence, ontology languages are formal languages used to construct ontologies. They allow the encoding of knowledge about specific domains and often include reasoning rules that support the processing of that knowledge. Ontology languages are usually declarative languages, are almost always generalizations of frame languages, and are commonly based on either first-order logic or on description logic.
Paradigme (programmation)vignette|Schéma simple à 3 blocs, avec des connexions étiquetées Le paradigme de programmation est la façon (parmi d'autres) d'approcher la programmation informatique et de formuler les solutions aux problèmes et leur formalisation dans un langage de programmation approprié. Ce n'est pas de la méthodologie contenant une méthode ; cette dernière organise le traitement des problèmes reconnus dans l'écosystème concerné pour aboutir à la solution conceptuelle et programme exécutable.
Paradigm shiftA paradigm shift is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a . It is a concept in the philosophy of science that was introduced and brought into the common lexicon by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn. Even though Kuhn restricted the use of the term to the natural sciences, the concept of a paradigm shift has also been used in numerous non-scientific contexts to describe a profound change in a fundamental model or perception of events.
Héritage (informatique)En programmation orientée objet, l’héritage est un mécanisme qui permet, lors de la déclaration d’une nouvelle classe, d'y inclure les caractéristiques d’une autre classe. L'héritage établit une relation de généralisation-spécialisation qui permet d'hériter dans la déclaration d’une nouvelle classe (appelée classe dérivée, classe fille, classe enfant ou sous-classe) des caractéristiques (propriétés et méthodes) de la déclaration d'une autre classe (appelée classe de base, classe mère, classe parent ou super-classe).
