Condition physiquePhysical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations and daily activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved through proper nutrition, moderate-vigorous physical exercise, and sufficient rest along with a formal recovery plan. Before the Industrial Revolution, fitness was defined as the capacity to carry out the day's activities without undue fatigue or lethargy.
Fitnessthumb|Démonstration d'exercices de fitness. Le fitness (abréviation de l'expression anglaise physical fitness, « forme physique »), aussi appelé la gymnastique de forme ou l'entraînement physique, désigne un ensemble d'activités physiques permettant au pratiquant d'améliorer sa condition physique et son hygiène de vie, dans un souci de bien-être. Le fitness trouve ses origines dans l'aérobic (gymnastique modelant le corps par des mouvements effectués en musique), qui lui-même naît de la danse jazz.
Neurobiological effects of physical exerciseThe neurobiological effects of physical exercise are numerous and involve a wide range of interrelated effects on brain structure, brain function, and cognition. A large body of research in humans has demonstrated that consistent aerobic exercise (e.g., 30 minutes every day) induces persistent improvements in certain cognitive functions, healthy alterations in gene expression in the brain, and beneficial forms of neuroplasticity and behavioral plasticity; some of these long-term effects include: increased neuron growth, increased neurological activity (e.
KinesiologyKinesiology () is the scientific study of human body movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological, anatomical, biomechanical, pathological, neuropsychological principles and mechanisms of movement. Applications of kinesiology to human health include biomechanics and orthopedics; strength and conditioning; sport psychology; motor control; skill acquisition and motor learning; methods of rehabilitation, such as physical and occupational therapy; and sport and exercise physiology.
Physiologie sportivevignette|200px|Les cyclistes sont connus pour utiliser la physiologie sportive pour optimiser leurs entraînements et leurs performances. La physiologie sportive est la physiologie de l'activité physique, c'est-à-dire, l'étude des réponses et des adaptations chroniques à un grand nombre de conditions d'exercice physique. De plus, la plupart des physiologistes sportifs étudient l'effet de l'exercice sur des pathologies, et les mécanismes par lesquels ces exercices peuvent réduire ou renverser la progression d'une maladie.
Professional fitness coachA professional fitness coach is a professional in the field of fitness and exercise, most often instruction (fitness instructor), including professional sports club's fitness trainers and aerobics and yoga instructors and authors of fitness instruction books or manuals. Fitness topics may also include nutrition, weight-loss, and self-help. Fitness careers are distinguished from exercise science careers such as athletic training, however the various types of fitness certifications have more and more in common: the, "distinctions.
Consommation maximale d'oxygènevignette|Mesure de la Vmax sur un dispositif moderne de la mesure des échanges gazeux durant un exercice incrémental sur tapis roulant La consommation maximale d'oxygène ou Vmax est le volume maximal d'oxygène qu'un organisme aérobie, en général, ou le sujet humain en particulier peut consommer par unité de temps lors d'un exercice dynamique aérobie maximal. Chez l'humain, le ou la Vmax s'exprime habituellement en litres de dioxygène par minute (L/min).
Physical therapyPhysical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is one of the allied health professions. It is provided by physical therapists who promote, maintain, or restore health through physical examination, diagnosis, management, prognosis, patient education, physical intervention, rehabilitation, disease prevention, and health promotion. Physical therapists are known as physiotherapists in many countries. The career has many specialties including musculoskeletal, orthopedics, cardiopulmonary, neurology, endocrinology, sports medicine, geriatrics, pediatrics, women's health, wound care and electromyography.
Fitness cultureFitness culture is a sociocultural phenomenon surrounding exercise and physical fitness. It is usually associated with gym culture, as doing physical exercises in locations such as gyms, wellness centres and health clubs is a popular activity. An international survey found that more than 27% of world total adult population attends fitness centres, and that 61% of regular exercisers are currently doing "gym-type" activities. Getting and maintaining physical fitness has been shown to benefit individuals' inner and outer health.
Coach sportifdroite|vignette|250x250px|Photo illustrant le travail pédagogique de la coach dans l'utilisation d'un Bosu balance. Un coach sportif ou entraîneur personnel est un professionnel chargé d'assister des personnes dans leur entraînement physique. Il motive ses élèves et les aide à se fixer des objectifs en leur apportant son expertise sur la faisabilité. Les coaches évaluent les points forts et les faiblesses de leurs élèves ainsi que leur forme physique.
