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l-waves

Concept

Ondelette

thumb|Ondelette de Daubechies d'ordre 2. Une ondelette est une fonction à la base de la décomposition en ondelettes, décomposition similaire à la transformée de Fourier à court terme, utilisée dans le traitement du signal. Elle correspond à l'idée intuitive d'une fonction correspondant à une petite oscillation, d'où son nom. Cependant, elle comporte deux différences majeures avec la transformée de Fourier à court terme : elle peut mettre en œuvre une base différente, non forcément sinusoïdale ; il existe une relation entre la largeur de l'enveloppe et la fréquence des oscillations : on effectue ainsi une homothétie de l'ondelette, et non seulement de l'oscillation.

Concept

Discrete wavelet transform

In numerical analysis and functional analysis, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is any wavelet transform for which the wavelets are discretely sampled. As with other wavelet transforms, a key advantage it has over Fourier transforms is temporal resolution: it captures both frequency and location information (location in time). Haar wavelet The first DWT was invented by Hungarian mathematician Alfréd Haar. For an input represented by a list of numbers, the Haar wavelet transform may be considered to pair up input values, storing the difference and passing the sum.

Concept

Wavelet transform

In mathematics, a wavelet series is a representation of a square-integrable (real- or complex-valued) function by a certain orthonormal series generated by a wavelet. This article provides a formal, mathematical definition of an orthonormal wavelet and of the integral wavelet transform. A function is called an orthonormal wavelet if it can be used to define a Hilbert basis, that is a complete orthonormal system, for the Hilbert space of square integrable functions.

Concept

Morlet wavelet

In mathematics, the Morlet wavelet (or Gabor wavelet) is a wavelet composed of a complex exponential (carrier) multiplied by a Gaussian window (envelope). This wavelet is closely related to human perception, both hearing and vision. Wavelet#History In 1946, physicist Dennis Gabor, applying ideas from quantum physics, introduced the use of Gaussian-windowed sinusoids for time-frequency decomposition, which he referred to as atoms, and which provide the best trade-off between spatial and frequency resolution.

Concept

Opérateur laplacien

L'opérateur laplacien, ou simplement le laplacien, est l'opérateur différentiel défini par l'application de l'opérateur gradient suivie de l'application de l'opérateur divergence : Intuitivement, il combine et relie la description statique d'un champ (décrit par son gradient) aux effets dynamiques (la divergence) de ce champ dans l'espace et le temps. C'est l'exemple le plus simple et le plus répandu d'opérateur elliptique.

Concept

Opérateur différentiel

En mathématiques, et plus précisément en analyse, un opérateur différentiel est un opérateur agissant sur des fonctions différentiables. Lorsque la fonction est à une seule variable, l'opérateur différentiel est construit à partir des dérivées ordinaires. Lorsque la fonction est à plusieurs variables, l'opérateur différentiel est construit à partir des dérivées partielles. Un opérateur différentiel agissant sur deux fonctions est appelé opérateur bidifférentiel.

Publication

A Functional Perspective on Information Measures

Amedeo Roberto Esposito

Since the birth of Information Theory, researchers have defined and exploited various information measures, as well as endowed them with operational meanings. Some were born as a "solution to a problem", like Shannon's Entropy and Mutual Information. Other ...

EPFL2022

Publication

Single-Trace Clustering Power Analysis of the Point-Swapping Procedure in the Three Point Ladder of Cortex-M4 SIKE

Aymeric Genet, Novak Kaluderovic

In this paper, the recommended implementation of the post-quantum key exchange SIKE for Cortex-M4 is attacked through power analysis with a single trace by clustering with the k-means algorithm the power samples of all the invocations of the elliptic curve ...

Springer, Cham2022

Publication

Next generation modeling techniques for strong gravitational lensing and measuring the Hubble constant

Aymeric Alexandre Galan

For many years, observations of the Universe suggest a series problems with our theoretical models, particularly its dark energy and dark matter components. Fortunately, the Universe also provides us with a tool to solve these problems, called strong gravi ...

EPFL2022

Publication

Graph Neural Networks With Lifting-Based Adaptive Graph Wavelets

Pascal Frossard, Chenglin Li, Mingxing Xu

Spectral-based graph neural networks (SGNNs) have been attracting increasing attention in graph representation learning. However, existing SGNNs are limited in implementing graph filters with rigid transforms and cannot adapt to signals residing on graphs ...

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC2022

Publication

Generalized L-Spline Wavelet Bases

Michaël Unser, Thierry Blu, Ildar Khalidov

We build wavelet-like functions based on a parametrized family of pseudo-differential operators

L _{ v }

that satisfy some admissibility and scalability conditions. The shifts of the generalized B-splines, which are localized versions of the Green func ...

SPIE2005

Publication

The Sparsity of Cycle Spinning for Wavelet-Based Solutions of Linear Inverse Problems

Michaël Unser, Rahul Parhi

The usual explanation of the efficacy of wavelet-based methods hinges on the sparsity of many real-world objects in the wavelet domain. Yet, standard wavelet-shrinkage techniques for sparse reconstruction are not competitive in practice, one reason being t ...

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers2023

Publication

Perturbed Fourier uniqueness and interpolation results in higher dimensions

Martin Peter Stoller, Joao Pedro Gonçalves Ramos

We obtain new Fourier interpolation and uniqueness results in all dimensions, extending methods and results by the first author and M. Sousa [11] and the second author [12]. We show that the only Schwartz function which, together with its Fourier transform ...

ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE2022

Publication

Operator-Like Wavelet Bases of $ L _{ 2 } $ $ (\mathbb{R} ^{ d } $ )

Michaël Unser, Ildar Khalidov, John Paul Ward

The connection between derivative operators and wavelets is well known. Here we generalize the concept by constructing multiresolution approximations and wavelet basis functions that act like Fourier multiplier operators. This construction follows from a s ...

Springer US2013

Publication

Stable parameterization of continuous and piecewise-linear functions

Michaël Unser, Alexis Marie Frederic Goujon, Joaquim Gonçalves Garcia Barreto Campos

Rectified-linear-unit (ReLU) neural networks, which play a prominent role in deep learning, generate continuous and piecewise-linear (CPWL) functions. While they provide a powerful parametric representation, the mapping between the parameter and function s ...

2023

Publication

Fault Detection and Diagnosis with Imbalanced and Noisy Data: A Hybrid Framework for Rotating Machinery

Amin Kaboli

Fault diagnosis plays an essential role in reducing the maintenance costs of rotating machinery manufacturing systems. In many real applications of fault detection and diagnosis, data tend to be imbalanced, meaning that the number of samples for some fault ...

MDPI2022

Publication

Functional estimation of anisotropic covariance and autocovariance operators on the sphere

Victor Panaretos, Matthieu Martin Jean-André Simeoni, Julien René Pierre Fageot, Alessia Caponera

We propose nonparametric estimators for the second-order central moments of possibly anisotropic spherical random fields, within a functional data analysis context. We consider a measurement framework where each random field among an identically distribute ...

2022

Publication

Explicit representations for Banach subspaces of Lizorkin distributions

Michaël Unser, Sebastian Jonas Neumayer

The Lizorkin space is well suited to the study of operators like fractional Laplacians and the Radon transform. In this paper, we show that the space is unfortunately not complemented in the Schwartz space. In return, we show that it is dense in C0(Double- ...

2023

Publication

Fourier uniqueness and interpolation in Euclidean space

Martin Peter Stoller

We prove that every Schwartz function in Euclidean space can be completely recovered given only its restrictions and the restrictions of its Fourier transform to all origin-centered spheres whose radii are square roots of integers. In particular, the only ...

EPFL2022

Publication

Optical fibre based quench detection in HTS applications using machine learning classifiers

Nicolo' Riva, Arooj Akbar, Bertrand Dutoit, Bertrand Dutoit

A Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) based optical fibre sensing technique, developed and patented by EPFL, is an efficient and economical way to detect hotspots in High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) applications. Due to the MZI sensitivity being a compo ...

Elsevier2022