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This lecture covers the reactivity of organic matter in water systems, including the pools and ageing of organic matter, the transformation and roles of different organic compounds, and the physico-chemical properties affecting their behavior. It discusses the distinction between allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter, their degradation processes, and their impact on water biogeochemistry. The lecture also explores the operational definitions of different organic compounds, the hydrophobicity versus hydrophilicity of organic matter, and the complexation sites on organic matter. Additionally, it delves into the significance of organic matter in slow nutrient release, soil structure, and chelation of cations, emphasizing the importance of understanding the different pools of soil organic matter and their recalcitrance to biodegradation.