Probability Theory: Properties and Combinatorial Principles

This lecture covers the properties of probability, including the null event, complementary event, union, and intersection. It also introduces the inclusion-exclusion principle and its application in calculating probabilities. The lecture further explores combinatorial principles, such as counting cases using addition and multiplication rules, and the concept of factorials in combinatorics. An example is provided to calculate the probability of no birthday coincidences in a class of students.