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This lecture covers the properties and conventions associated with standard amino acids, including pK values, isoelectric focusing, and capillary electrophoresis. It explains the titration curve for glycine, the acid-base properties of amino acids, and the setup of a pH gradient in a gel. The lecture also delves into isoelectric focusing, detailing how proteins migrate in a pH gradient and stop at their isoelectric point. Furthermore, it explores electroblotting techniques for DNA and protein analysis, such as Western and Northern blotting, and the principles behind capillary electrophoresis for high-resolution separation of biomolecules.