Pediococcus is a genus of gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, placed within the family of Lactobacillaceae. They usually occur in pairs or tetrads, and divide along two planes of symmetry, as do the other lactic acid cocci genera Aerococcus and Tetragenococcus. They are purely homofermentative.
Pediococcus is, along with other lactic acid bacteria such as Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus, responsible for the fermentation of cabbage, making it sauerkraut. In this process, the sugars in fresh cabbage are fermented to lactic acid, which gives sauerkraut a sour flavour and good keeping qualities.
Pediococcus bacteria are usually considered contaminants of beer and wine, although their presence is sometimes desired in beer styles such as lambic and Berliner Weisse. Certain Pediococcus isolates produce diacetyl which gives a buttery or butterscotch aroma to some wines (such as Chardonnay) and a few styles of beer. Pediococcus species are often used in silage inoculants. Pediococci are used as probiotics, and are commonly added as beneficial microbes in the creation of sausages, cheeses and yogurts.
The genus Pediococcus comprises the following species:
Pediococcus acidilactici Lindner 1887 (Approved Lists 1980)
Pediococcus argentinicus De Bruyne et al. 2008
Pediococcus cellicola Zhang et al. 2005
Pediococcus claussenii Dobson et al. 2002
Pediococcus damnosus Claussen 1903 (Approved Lists 1980)
Pediococcus ethanolidurans Liu et al. 2006
Pediococcus inopinatus Back 1988
Pediococcus parvulus Günther and White 1961 (Approved Lists 1980)
Pediococcus pentosaceus Mees 1934 (Approved Lists 1980)
"Pediococcus perniciosus" Claussen 1903 nom. inval.
Pediococcus siamensis Tanasupawat et al. 2007
Pediococcus stilesii Franz et al. 2006
Former members:
"Pediococcus dextrinicus" reclassified as Lapidilactobacillus dextrinicus.
"Pediococcus halophilus" reclassified as Tetragenococcus halophilus.
"Pediococcus lolii" reclassified as Pediococcus acidilactici.
"Pediococcus urinaeequi" reclassified as Aerococcus urinaeequi.
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The course will deliver basic knowledge on the principles of food fermentation and enzyme technology. The course will also present benefits that food biotechnology can bring in terms of Nutrition & He
Lactobacillales are an order of gram-positive, low-GC, acid-tolerant, generally nonsporulating, nonrespiring, either rod-shaped (bacilli) or spherical (cocci) bacteria that share common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bacteria, usually found in decomposing plants and milk products, produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation, giving them the common name lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Production of lactic acid has linked LAB with food fermentations, as acidification inhibits the growth of spoilage agents.
Sauerkraut (ˈsaʊ.ərˌkraʊt; ˈzaʊ.ɐˌkʁaʊt, sour cabbage) is finely cut raw cabbage that has been fermented by various lactic acid bacteria. It has a long shelf life and a distinctive sour flavor, both of which result from the lactic acid formed when the bacteria ferment the sugars in the cabbage leaves. Although it is considered a national dish in Germany and is known under its German name in English-speaking countries, it did not originate in Germany and is also a traditional and ubiquitous dish in Central and Eastern Europe.
Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. Until 2020, the genus Lactobacillus comprised over 260 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically diverse species; a taxonomic revision of the genus assigned lactobacilli to 25 genera (see below). Lactobacillus species constitute a significant component of the human and animal microbiota at a number of body sites, such as the digestive system, and the female genital system.
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