The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geology:
Geology – one of the Earth sciences – is the study of the Earth, with the general exclusion of present-day life, flow within the ocean, and the atmosphere. The field of geology encompasses the composition, structure, physical properties, and history of Earth's components, and the processes by which it is shaped. Geologists typically study rock, sediment, soil, rivers, and natural resources.
Geology applies primarily to Earth, but can be applied to any planet or extraterrestrial body.
Subdisciplines of geology:
Biogeology
Economic geology
Engineering geology
Environmental geology
Geochemistry
Geologic modelling
Geomorphology
Geophysics
Historical geology
Hydrogeology
Marine geology
Mineralogy
Mining
Paleontology
Petroleum geology
Petrology
Sedimentology
Stratigraphy
Structural geology
Volcanology
See also: Geology of solar terrestrial planets
Planetary geology
Geology of Mercury
Geology of Venus
Geology of the Moon
Geology of Mars
Jupiter#Internal structure
Saturn#Physical characteristics
Uranus#Physical characteristics
Neptune#Physical characteristics
Cross-cutting relationships
Law of included fragments
Uniformitarianism
Principle of original horizontality
Law of superposition
Principle of faunal succession
Petrogenesis
History of geology
Geological history of Earth
Timeline of geology
Geologic province
Geologic provinces based on origin:
Shield (geology)
Platform (geology)
Orogen
Island arc
Continental arc
Forearc
Oceanic basin
Craton
Foreland basin
Large igneous province
Extended Crust (geology)
Rift
Plate tectonics
The Dictionary of Occupational Titles lists the following occupations in Geology, which it describes as "concerned with the investigation of the composition, structure, and physical and biological history of the earth's crust and the application of this knowledge in such fields as archeology, mining, construction, and environmental impact":
Crystallography
Geodesist
Geologist
Petroleum geologist
Geophysical survey
Geophysicist
Hydrologist
Mineralogist
Paleontologist
Petrologist
Seismologist
Stratigrapher
Volcanologist
Engineer, Soils
Geophysical-Laboratory Chief (Alternate Titles: Director, Geophysical)
Geological Aide (Petrol.
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Island arcs are long chains of active volcanoes with intense seismic activity found along convergent tectonic plate boundaries. Most island arcs originate on oceanic crust and have resulted from the descent of the lithosphere into the mantle along the subduction zone. They are the principal way by which continental growth is achieved. Island arcs can either be active or inactive based on their seismicity and presence of volcanoes. Active arcs are ridges of recent volcanoes with an associated deep seismic zone.
The Nazca Plate or Nasca Plate, named after the Nazca region of southern Peru, is an oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin off the west coast of South America. The ongoing subduction, along the Peru–Chile Trench, of the Nazca Plate under the South American Plate is largely responsible for the Andean orogeny. The Nazca Plate is bounded on the west by the Pacific Plate and to the south by the Antarctic Plate through the East Pacific Rise and the Chile Rise respectively.
The Pacific Plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. At , it is the largest tectonic plate. The plate first came into existence 190 million years ago, at the triple junction between the Farallon, Phoenix, and Izanagi Plates. The Pacific Plate subsequently grew to where it underlies most of the Pacific Ocean basin. This reduced the Farallon Plate to a few remnants along the west coast of North America and the Phoenix Plate to a small remnant near the Drake Passage, and destroyed the Izanagi Plate by subduction under Asia.
Covers exercises related to planar capacitors with square plates and a spring, evaluating equilibrium positions and the effect of changing battery polarity.
Explores Gaussian curvature, principal curvatures, and nonlinear strain in thin elastic plates.
Explores optical methods in chemistry, covering microscopy, manipulation, and spectroscopy techniques.
Seismology (saɪzˈmɒlədʒi,_saɪs-; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or other planetary bodies. It also includes studies of earthquake environmental effects such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, glacial, fluvial, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes such as explosions.
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek: γῆ, gê, "earth"; μορφή, morphḗ, "form"; and λόγος, lógos, "study") is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features created by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform and terrain history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling.
Geography of Asia reviews geographical concepts of classifying Asia, the central and eastern part of Eurasia, comprising approximately fifty countries. Definition and boundaries of Asia The land mass of Asia is not the sum of the land masses of each of its regions, which have been defined independently of the whole. For example, the borders of Central Asia and the Middle East depend on who is defining them and for what purpose.
The effects of chordwise pressure- and inertia-driven deformations on the power extraction potential of a kinematically constrained oscillating thin plate that undergoes a heaving and pitching motion are investigated. 2D fully coupled fluid-structure inter ...
Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd2017
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Reversibility is of paramount importance in the correct representation of surface peeling in various physical settings, ranging from motility in nature, to gripping devices in robotic applications, and even to sliding of tectonic plates. Modeling the detac ...
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2021
We monitor dynamic rupture propagation during laboratory stick-slip experiments performed on saw-cut Westerly granite under upper crustal conditions (10-90 MPa). Spectral analysis of high-frequency acoustic waveforms provided evidence that energy radiation ...