Hepato-biliary diseases include liver diseases and biliary diseases. Their study is known as hepatology.
Acute hepatitis A
Acute hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis C
Acute hepatitis D – this is a superinfection with the delta-agent in a patient already infected with hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis E
Chronic viral hepatitis
Other viral hepatitis viruses may exist but their relation to the disease is not firmly established like the previous ones (hepatitis F, GB virus C, hepatitis X)
Hepatitis:
cytomegalovirus infection
herpesviral: herpes simplex infection
Toxoplasmosis
Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis
Portal hypertension in schistosomiasis
Liver disease in syphilis
Epstein–Barr virus infection
yellow fever virus infection
rubella virus infection
leptospirosis
Echinococcosis
Amoebiasis
liver abscess
autoimmune hepatitis
primary biliary cholangitis (primary biliary cirrhosis)
phlebitis of the portal vein
granulomatous hepatitis
berylliosis
sarcoidosis
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
This may cause fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis and sclerosis leading to cirrhosis and finally liver failure.
This includes mostly drug-induced hepatotoxicity, (DILI) which may generate many different patterns over liver disease, including
cholestasis
necrosis
acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis of different forms,
cirrhosis
Effects of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
other rare disorders like focal nodular hyperplasia, Hepatic fibrosis, peliosis hepatis and veno-occlusive disease.
Liver damage is part of Reye syndrome.
Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. The most frequent forms are metastatic malignant neoplasm of liver)
liver cell carcinoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatoma
cholangiocarcinoma
hepatoblastoma
angiosarcoma of liver
Kupffer cell sarcoma
other sarcomas of liver
Benign neoplasm of liver include hepatic hemangiomas, hepatic adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH).
Chronic liver diseases like chronic hepatitis, chronic alcohol abuse or chronic toxic liver disease may cause
liver failure and hepatorenal syndrome
fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver
Cirrhosis may also occur in primary biliary cirrhosis.
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Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease, is the impaired liver function caused by the formation of scar tissue known as fibrosis due to damage caused by liver disease. Damage to the liver leads to repair of liver tissue and subsequent formation of scar tissue. Over time, scar tissue can replace normal functioning tissue, leading to the impaired liver function of cirrhosis. The disease typically develops slowly over months or years.
Hepatitis D is a type of viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV). HDV is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. HDV is considered to be a satellite (a type of subviral agent) because it can propagate only in the presence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Transmission of HDV can occur either via simultaneous infection with HBV (coinfection) or superimposed on chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis B carrier state (superinfection).
Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder in which excess copper builds up in the body. Symptoms are typically related to the brain and liver. Liver-related symptoms include vomiting, weakness, fluid build-up in the abdomen, swelling of the legs, yellowish skin, and itchiness. Brain-related symptoms include tremors, muscle stiffness, trouble in speaking, personality changes, anxiety, and psychosis. Wilson's disease is caused by a mutation in the Wilson disease protein (ATP7B) gene.
The natural compound Cyclo Histidine-Proline (CHP) was initially discovered in the brain, but thereafter evaluated in the context of diabetes because of its hypoglycemic action. The pharmacokinetics and the toxicological profile of CHP showed it can be dos ...
Type C hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric complication of chronic liver disease, for which the prognosis is poor in the absence of liver transplantation. Cirrhosis in type C HE leads to a toxic accumulation of ammonia in the blood, wh ...
EPFL2023
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Background & Aims: Current therapies for the treatment of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) have proven largely ineffective. Patients relapse and the disease progresses even after liver transplantation. Altered epigenetic mechanisms are characteristic of ...