Electron magnetic moment

Summary

In atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron resulting from its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment (symbol μe) is In units of the Bohr magneton (μB), it is -1.00115965218059μB, a value that was measured with a relative accuracy of 1.3e-13. Magnetic moment of an electron The electron is a charged particle with charge −e, where e is the unit of elementary charge. Its angular momentum comes from two types of rotation: spin and orbital motion. From classical electrodynamics, a rotating distribution of electric charge produces a magnetic dipole, so that it behaves like a tiny bar magnet. One consequence is that an external magnetic field exerts a torque on the electron magnetic moment that depends on the orientation of this dipole with respect to the field. If the electron is visualized as a clas

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_magnetic_moment

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Magnetic force microscopy contrast formation and field sensitivity

Johannes Schwenk

The magnetic force microscope (MFM) is an established experimental tool for imaging stray fields with high spatial resolution and sensitivity. The MFM contrast can however contain contributions from the sample topography, variations in the surface Kelvin potential and magnetic contributions arising from grain-to-grain variations of the areal density of the magnetic moment, apart from the contrast generated by the micromagnetic pattern of the sample. Differential imaging techniques can be used to disentangle these contrast contributions. The calibration of the response of the MFM tip on different spatial wavelengths of the field allows a quantitative determination of the magnetic vector field in the plane parallel to the sample surface scanned by the tip. Generally, the tip becomes less sensitive for smaller spatial wavelengths. Obtaining a high spatial resolution thus requires a high measurement sensitivity that can be obtained by MFM operation in vacuum and by using & nbsp;high-quality factor cantilevers. As a result, field sensitivities better than 80 mu T/root Hz can be obtained, even with low magnetic moment tips.

2022

Long-range magnetic ordering in Li2MnGeO4 and precursor short-range spin correlations

Artem Korshunov, Irina Safiulina

Long-range magnetic ordering and short-range spin correlations in layered noncentrosymmetric orthogermanate Li2MnGeO4 were studied by means of polarized and unpolarized neutron scattering. The combined Rietveld refinement of synchrotron and neutron powder diffraction data at room temperature within the Pmn2(1) space group allowed us to specify the details of the crystal structure. According to the additional Bragg peaks in low-temperature neutron diffraction patterns a long-range antiferromagnetic ordering with the propagation vector k = (1/2 1/2 1/2) has been found below T-N approximate to 8 K. Symmetry analysis revealed the model of the ground state spin structure within the C(a)c (no. 9.41) magnetic space group. It is represented by the noncollinear ordering of manganese atoms with a refined magnetic moment of 4.9 mu(B)/Mn2+ at 1.7 K, which corresponds to the saturated value for the high-spin configuration S = 5/2. Diffuse magnetic scattering was detected on the neutron diffraction patterns at temperatures just above T-N. Its temperature evolution was investigated in detail by polarized neutron scattering with the following XYZ-polarization analysis. Reverse Monte Carlo simulation of diffuse scattering data showed the development of short-range ordering in Li2MnGeO4, which is symmetry consistent on a small scale with the long-range magnetic state below T-N. The reconstructed radial spin-pair correlation function S(0)S(r) displayed the predominant role of antiferromagnetic correlations. It was found that spin correlations are significant only for the nearest magnetic neighbors and almost disappear at r approximate to 12 angstrom at 10 K. Temperature dependence of the diffuse scattering implies short-range ordering long before the magnetic phase transition. Besides, the spin arrangement was found to be similar in both cases above and below T-N. As a result, an exhaustive picture of the gradual formation of magnetic ordering in Li2MnGeO4 is presented.

2020

We propose a scheme for universal quantum computing based on Kramers rare-earth ions. Their nuclear spins in the presence of a Zeeman-split electronic crystal field ground state act as "passive" qubits that store quantum information. The "active" qubits are switched on optically by fast coherent transitions to excited crystal field states with a magnetic moment, and the magnetic dipole interaction between these states is used to implement controlled NOT (CNOT) gates. We compare our proposal with others, noting particularly the much improved CNOT gate time as compared with a Si:P proposal, also relying on magnetic dipole interactions between active qubits, and rare-earth schemes depending on the dipole blockade for qubits spaced by more than of the order of 1 nm.

AMER PHYSICAL SOC2021

Long-range magnetic ordering in Li2MnGeO4 and precursor short-range spin correlations

Artem Korshunov, Irina Safiulina

2020