In mathematics, the orthogonal group in dimension n, denoted \operatorname{O}(n), is the group of distance-preserving transformations of a Euclidean space of dimension n that preserve a fixed point, where the group operation is given by composing transformations. The orthogonal group is sometimes called the general orthogonal group, by analogy with the general linear group. Equivalently, it is the group of n\times n orthogonal matrices, where the group operation is given by matrix multiplication (an orthogonal matrix is a real matrix whose inverse equals its transpose). The orthogonal group is an algebraic group and a Lie group. It is compact.The orthogonal group in dimension n has two connected components. The one that contains the identity element is a normal subgroup, called the special orthogonal group, and denoted \operatorname{SO}(n). It consists of all orthogonal matrices of determinant 1. This grou
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In mathematics, a Lie group (pronounced liː ) is a group that is also a differentiable manifold. A manifold is a space that locally resembles Euclidean space, whereas groups define the abstract conce
In mathematics, the quaternion number system extends the complex numbers. Quaternions were first described by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton in 1843 and applied to mechanics in thre
In mathematics, a group is a non-empty set with an operation that satisfies the following constraints: the operation is associative, has an identity element, and every element of the set has an inver
The purpose of the course is to introduce the basic notions of linear algebra and its applications.
L'objectif du cours est d'introduire les notions de base de l'algèbre linéaire et ses applications.
This course complements the Analysis and Linear Algebra courses by providing further mathematical background and practice required for 3rd year physics courses, in particular electrodynamics and quantum mechanics.
This thesis focuses on the numerical analysis of partial differential equations (PDEs) with an emphasis on first and second-order fully nonlinear PDEs. The main goal is the design of numerical methods to solve a variety of equations such as orthogonal maps, the prescribed Jacobian equation and inequality, the elliptic and parabolic Monge-Ampère equations.For orthogonal map we develop an \emph{operator-splitting/finite element} approach for the numerical solution of the Dirichlet problem. This approach is built on the variational principle, the introduction of an associated flow problem, and a time-stepping splitting algorithm. Moreover, we propose an extension of this method with an \emph{anisotropic mesh adaptation algorithm}. This extension allows us to track singularities of the solution's gradient more accurately. Various numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy and the robustness of the proposed method for both constant and adaptive mesh.For the prescribed Jacobian equation and the three-dimensional Monge-Ampère equation, we consider a \emph{least-squares/relaxation finite element method} for the numerical solution of the Dirichlet problems. We then introduce a relaxation algorithm that splits the least-square problem, which stems from a reformulation of the original equations, into local nonlinear and variational problems. We develop dedicated solvers for the algebraic problems based on Newton method and we solve the differential problems using mixed low-order finite element method. Overall the least squares approach exhibits appropriate convergence orders in L2(Ω) and H1(Ω) error norms for various numerical tests.We also design a \emph{second-order time integration method} for the approximation of a parabolic two-dimensional Monge-Ampère equation. The space discretization of this method is based on low-order finite elements, and the time discretization is achieved by the implicit Crank-Nicolson type scheme.
We verify the efficiency of the proposed method on time-dependent and stationary problems. The results of numerical experiments show that the method achieves nearly optimal orders for the L2(Ω) and H1(Ω) error norms when smooth solutions are approximated.Finally, we present an adaptive mesh refinement algorithm for the elliptic Monge-Ampere equation based on the residual error estimate. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is verified using various test cases and two different solvers which are inspired by the two previous proposed numerical methods.
EPFL2021
In previous work, we defined the category of functors F-quad, associated to F-2-vector spaces equipped with a nondegenerate quadratic form. In this paper, we define a special family of objects in the category F-quad, named the mixed functors. We give the complete decompositions of two elements of this family that give rise to two new infinite families of simple objects in the category F-quad.
2007
We analyse the existence of multiple critical points for an even functional J : H -> R in the following context: the Hilbert space H can be split into an orthogonal sum H = Y circle plus Z in such a way that inf{J(u) : u is an element of Z and parallel to u parallel to = rho >= alpha > J(0) and that here exits a point b is an element of H with parallel to b parallel to > rho and with J(b)