Wide-angle lens

Summary

In photography and cinematography, a wide-angle lens refers to a lens whose focal length is substantially smaller than the focal length of a normal lens for a given film plane. This type of lens allows more of the scene to be included in the photograph, which is useful in architectural, interior, and landscape photography where the photographer may not be able to move farther from the scene to photograph it. Another use is where the photographer wishes to emphasize the difference in size or distance between objects in the foreground and the background; nearby objects appear very large and objects at a moderate distance appear small and far away. This exaggeration of relative size can be used to make foreground objects more prominent and striking, while capturing expansive backgrounds. A wide-angle lens is also one that projects a substantially larger than would be typical for a standard design lens of the same focal length. This large image circle enables either large tilt & shi

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-angle_lens

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Extension of Fourier-based techniques for ultrafast imaging in ultrasound with diverging waves

Olivier Bernard, Adrien Georges Jean Besson, Rafael Eduardo Carrillo Rangel, Damien Garcia, Jean-Philippe Thiran

Ultrafast ultrasound imaging has become an intensive area of research thanks to its capability in reaching high frame rates. In this paper, we propose a scheme which allows the extension of the current Fourier-based techniques derived for planar acquisition to the reconstruction of sectorial scan with wide angle using diverging waves. The flexibility of the proposed formulation was assessed through two different Fourier based techniques. The performance of the derived approaches was evaluated in terms of resolution and contrast from both simulations and in vitro experiments. Comparisons with the current state-of-the-art method illustrated the potential of the derived methods in producing competitive results with lower computational complexity when compared to the conventional Delay-And-Sum technique.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers2016

Facile multifunctional plasmonic sunlight harvesting with tapered triangle nanopatterning of thin films

Dimos Poulikakos, Giulia Tagliabue

Plasmonic absorbers have recently become important for a broad spectrum of sunlight-harvesting applications exploiting either heat generation, such as in thermal photovoltaics and solar thermoelectrics, or hot-electron generation, such as in photochemical and solid state devices. So far, despite impressive progress, combining the needed high performance with fabrication simplicity and scalability remains a serious challenge. Here, we report on a novel solar absorber concept, where we demonstrate and exploit simultaneously a host of absorption phenomena in tapered triangle arrays integrated in a metal–insulator–metal configuration to achieve ultrabroadband (88% average absorption in the range of 380–980 nm), wide-angle and polarization-insensitive absorption. Furthermore, this absorber is subwavelength in thickness (260 nm) and its fabrication is based on a facile, low-cost and potentially scalable method. In addition, the geometry of our design makes it compatible for both heat and hot electron generation.

2013

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Efficient optical energy transfer is key to many technologies, ranging from biosensing to photovoltaics. Here, for the first time we show that by introducing a random medium with appropriate filling factor, absorption in a specific volume can be maximized. Using both numerical simulations and an analytical diffusion model, we identify design rules to maximize absorption in the system with different geometrical and scattering properties. By combining a random medium with an open photonic cavity, we numerically demonstrate a 23-fold enhancement of the absorbed energy. We also show how absorption as high as 99% can be reached in a device as thin as 500 μm for normal incidence illumination. Finally, our data indicate that introducing a non-absorbing random medium into a light trapping system for thin solar cells can enhance absorption of energy by a factor of 2.2. This absorption enhancement, caused by the random medium, is broadband and wide-angle and can help design efficient solar cells, light trapping devices, biosensors and random lasers.

Optical Society of America2016