Internet access

Summary

Internet access is the ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals, computers, and other devices; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web. Internet access is sold by Internet service providers (ISPs) delivering connectivity at a wide range of data transfer rates via various networking technologies. Many organizations, including a growing number of municipal entities, also provide cost-free wireless access and landlines. Availability of Internet access was once limited, but has grown rapidly. In 1995, only .04 percent of the world's population had access, with well over half of those living in the United States, and consumer use was through dial-up. By the first decade of the 21st century, many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology, and by 2014, 41 percent of the world's population had access, broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide, and global average connection speeds exceeded one megabit

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_access

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Network Neutrality Inference

Ovidiu Sebastian Mara, Zhiyong Zhang

When can we reason about the neutrality of a network based on external observations? We prove conditions under which it is possible to (a) detect neutrality violations and (b) localize them to specific links, based on external observations. Our insight is that, when we make external observations from different vantage points, these will most likely be inconsistent with each other if the network is not neutral. Where existing tomographic techniques try to form solvable systems of equations to infer network properties, we try to form unsolvable systems that reveal neutrality violations. We present an algorithm that relies on this idea to identify sets of non-neutral links based on external observations, and we show, through network emulation, that it achieves good accuracy for a variety of network conditions.

2014

Network Neutrality Inference using Network Tomography

Ovidiu Sebastian Mara

Our work studies network neutrality, a property of communication networks which means that they treat all traffic the same, regardless of application, content provider or communication protocol. This is an important problem, because sometimes users suspect their ISPs of violating network neutrality, but apply inaccurate methods to check their suspicions, reaching incorrect conclusions. Prior non-neutrality detection methods either provide only detection, but lack localization capabilities; or also perform localization, but assume perfect measurements. For the latter, we show that, in practice, the measurement process can severely impact the results. We present a method that performs both non-neutrality detection and localization, using only end-to-end measurements, and assuming an imperfect measurement process. We identify the sources of measurement error that may affect our method, we address them, and evaluate the method extensively with simulations, emulations and experiments on the Internet. We also use our method in two studies, investigating suspicions that a set of ISPs prioritize speed-test traffic, or differentiate against BitTorrent traffic; despite circumstancial evidence that they do, we obtain reliable evidence to the contrary. Finally, we present the network emulator that we built to evaluate our method, hoping that it will be a useful tool in future research. We conclude that it is feasible to detect and localize network neutrality violations based solely on end-to-end measurements, without assuming a perfect measurement process; and that it is important that reasoning about network neutrality is based on reliable evidence of network behavior.

EPFL2018

2014