Free product

In mathematics, specifically group theory, the free product is an operation that takes two groups G and H and constructs a new group G ∗ H. The result contains both G and H as subgroups, is generated by the elements of these subgroups, and is the “universal” group having these properties, in the sense that any two homomorphisms from G and H into a group K factor uniquely through a homomorphism from G ∗ H to K. Unless one of the groups G and H is trivial, the free product is always infinite. The construction of a free product is similar in spirit to the construction of a free group (the universal group with a given set of generators). The free product is the coproduct in the . That is, the free product plays the same role in group theory that disjoint union plays in set theory, or that the direct sum plays in module theory. Even if the groups are commutative, their free product is not, unless one of the two groups is the trivi

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Amenable actions, free products and a fixed point property

Nicolas Monod

We investigate the class of groups admitting an action on a set with an invariant mean. It turns out that many free products admit such an action. We give a complete characterisation of such free products in terms of a strong fixed point property.

2007

Product groups acting on manifolds

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We analyse volume-preserving actions of product groups on Riemannian manifolds. Under a natural spectral irreducibility assumption, we prove the following dichotomy: Either the action is measurably isometric, in which case there are at most two factors; or the action is infinitesimally linear, which means that the derivative cocycle arises from unbounded linear representations of all factors. As a first application, this provides lower bounds on the dimension of the manifold in terms of the number of factors in the acting group. Another application is a strong restriction for actions of non-linear groups. We prove our results by means of a new cocycle superrigidity theorem of independent interest, in analogy to Zimmer's programme.

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