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Concept
Noetherian module
Summary
In abstract algebra, a Noetherian module is a module that satisfies the ascending chain condition on its submodules, where the submodules are partially ordered by inclusion.
Historically, Hilbert was the first mathematician to work with the properties of finitely generated submodules. He proved an important theorem known as Hilbert's basis theorem which says that any ideal in the multivariate polynomial ring of an arbitrary field is finitely generated. However, the property is named after Emmy Noether who was the first one to discover the true importance of the property.
In the presence of the axiom of choice, two other characterizations are possible:
Any nonempty set S of submodules of the module has a maximal element (with respect to set inclusion). This is known as the maximum condition.
All of the submodules of the module are finitely generated.
If M is a module and K a submodule, then M is Noetherian if and only if K and M/K are Noetherian. This is in contrast to the general situation with finitely generated modules: a submodule of a finitely generated module need not be finitely generated.
The integers, considered as a module over the ring of integers, is a Noetherian module.
If R = Mn(F) is the full matrix ring over a field, and M = Mn 1(F) is the set of column vectors over F, then M can be made into a module using matrix multiplication by elements of R on the left of elements of M. This is a Noetherian module.
Any module that is finite as a set is Noetherian.
Any finitely generated right module over a right Noetherian ring is a Noetherian module.
A right Noetherian ring R is, by definition, a Noetherian right R-module over itself using multiplication on the right. Likewise a ring is called left Noetherian ring when R is Noetherian considered as a left R-module. When R is a commutative ring the left-right adjectives may be dropped as they are unnecessary. Also, if R is Noetherian on both sides, it is customary to call it Noetherian and not "left and right Noetherian".
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Noetherian
In mathematics, the adjective Noetherian is used to describe that satisfy an ascending or descending chain condition on certain kinds of subobjects, meaning that certain ascending or descending sequences of subobjects must have finite length. Noetherian objects are named after Emmy Noether, who was the first to study the ascending and descending chain conditions for rings. Specifically: Noetherian group, a group that satisfies the ascending chain condition on subgroups.
Morita equivalence
In abstract algebra, Morita equivalence is a relationship defined between rings that preserves many ring-theoretic properties. More precisely two rings like R, S are Morita equivalent (denoted by ) if their are equivalent (denoted by ). It is named after Japanese mathematician Kiiti Morita who defined equivalence and a similar notion of duality in 1958. Rings are commonly studied in terms of their modules, as modules can be viewed as representations of rings.
Artinian module
In mathematics, specifically abstract algebra, an Artinian module is a module that satisfies the descending chain condition on its poset of submodules. They are for modules what Artinian rings are for rings, and a ring is Artinian if and only if it is an Artinian module over itself (with left or right multiplication). Both concepts are named for Emil Artin. In the presence of the axiom of (dependent) choice, the descending chain condition becomes equivalent to the minimum condition, and so that may be used in the definition instead.