Programmable Array Logic

Programmable Array Logic (PAL) is a family of programmable logic device semiconductors used to implement logic functions in digital circuits introduced by Monolithic Memories, Inc. (MMI) in March 1978. MMI obtained a registered trademark on the term PAL for use in "Programmable Semiconductor Logic Circuits". The trademark is currently held by Lattice Semiconductor. PAL devices consisted of a small PROM (programmable read-only memory) core and additional output logic used to implement particular desired logic functions with few components. Using specialized machines, PAL devices were "field-programmable". PALs were available in several variants:

"One-time programmable" (OTP) devices could not be updated and reused after initial programming (MMI also offered a similar family called HAL, or "hard array logic", which were like PAL devices except that they were mask-programmed at the factory.).
UV erasable versions (e.g.: PALCxxxxx e.g.: PALC22V10) had a quartz window over the chi

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Generalized programmable counter arrays

Philip Brisk, Alessandro Cevrero, Hadi Parandeh Afshar

A Generalized Programmable Counter Array (GPCA) is a reconfigurable multi-operand adder, which can be reprogrammed to sum a plurality of operands of arbitrary size. The GPCA is configured to compress the input words down to two operands using parallel counters. Resulting operands are then summed using a standard Ripple Carry Adder to produce the final result. The GPCA consists of a linear arrangement of identical compressor slices (CSlice).

2014

Improving FPGA Performance for Carry-Save Arithmetic

Philip Brisk, Paolo Ienne, Hadi Parandeh Afshar, Ajay Kumar Verma

The selective use of carry-save arithmetic, where appropriate, can accelerate a variety of arithmetic-dominated circuits. Carry-save arithmetic occurs naturally in a variety of DSP applications, and further opportunities to exploit it can be exposed through systematic data flow transformations that can be applied by a hardware compiler. Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), however, are not particularly well suited to carry-save arithmetic. To address this concern, we introduce the "field programmable counter array" (FPCA), an accelerator for carry-save arithmetic intended for integration into an FPGA as an alternative to DSP blocks. In addition to multiplication and multiply accumulation, the FPCA can accelerate more general carry-save operations, such as multi-input addition (e. g., add k > 2 integers) and multipliers that have been fused with other adders. Our experiments show that the FPCA accelerates a wider variety of applications than DSP blocks and improves performance, area utilization, and energy consumption compared with soft FPGA logic.

2010

Architectural improvements for field programmable counter arrays: enabling efficient synthesis of fast compressor trees on FPGAs

Panagiotis Athanasopoulos, Philip Brisk, Alessandro Cevrero, Paolo Ienne, Yusuf Leblebici, Hadi Parandeh Afshar, Ajay Kumar Verma

The Field Programmable Counter Array (FPCA) was introduced to improve FPGA performance for arithmetic circuits. An FPCA is a reconfigurable IP core that can be integrated into an FPGA. To exploit the FPCA, a circuit is transformed by merging disparate addition and multiplication operations into large multi-input addition operations, which are synthesized as compressor trees on the FPCA; the remaining portion of the circuit is synthesized on the FPGA. This paper presents a series of architectural improvements to the FPCA that reduce routing delay, increase flexibility and component utilization, and simplify the integration process. Using an FPGA containing six FPCAs, we observed average and maximum speedups of 1.60x and 2.40x on a set of arithmetic benchmarks

ACM2008

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A complex programmable logic device (CPLD) is a programmable logic device with complexity between that of PALs and FPGAs, and architectural features of both. The main building block of the CPLD is

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