In algebraic topology, universal coefficient theorems establish relationships between homology groups (or cohomology groups) with different coefficients. For instance, for every topological space X, its integral homology groups:
Hi(X; Z)
completely determine its homology groups with coefficients in A, for any abelian group A:
Hi(X; A)
Here Hi might be the simplicial homology, or more generally the singular homology. The usual proof of this result is a pure piece of homological algebra about chain complexes of free abelian groups. The form of the result is that other coefficients A may be used, at the cost of using a Tor functor.
For example it is common to take A to be Z/2Z, so that coefficients are modulo 2. This becomes straightforward in the absence of 2-torsion in the homology. Quite generally, the result indicates the relationship that holds between the Betti numbers bi of X and the Betti numbers bi,F with coefficients in a field F. These can differ, but only when the characteristic of F is a prime number p for which there is some p-torsion in the homology.
Consider the tensor product of modules Hi(X; Z) ⊗ A. The theorem states there is a short exact sequence involving the Tor functor
Furthermore, this sequence splits, though not naturally. Here μ is the map induced by the bilinear map Hi(X; Z) × A → Hi(X; A).
If the coefficient ring A is Z/pZ, this is a special case of the Bockstein spectral sequence.
Let G be a module over a principal ideal domain R (e.g., Z or a field.)
There is also a universal coefficient theorem for cohomology involving the Ext functor, which asserts that there is a natural short exact sequence
As in the homology case, the sequence splits, though not naturally.
In fact, suppose
and define:
Then h above is the canonical map:
An alternative point-of-view can be based on representing cohomology via Eilenberg–MacLane space where the map h takes a homotopy class of maps from X to K(G, i) to the corresponding homomorphism induced in homology. Thus, the Eilenberg–MacLane space is a weak right adjoint to the homology functor.
This page is automatically generated and may contain information that is not correct, complete, up-to-date, or relevant to your search query. The same applies to every other page on this website. Please make sure to verify the information with EPFL's official sources.
Singular cohomology is defined by dualizing the singular chain complex for spaces. We will study its basic properties, see how it acquires a multiplicative structure and becomes a graded commutative a
In mathematics, a manifold is a topological space that locally resembles Euclidean space near each point. More precisely, an -dimensional manifold, or -manifold for short, is a topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of -dimensional Euclidean space. One-dimensional manifolds include lines and circles, but not lemniscates. Two-dimensional manifolds are also called surfaces. Examples include the plane, the sphere, and the torus, and also the Klein bottle and real projective plane.
In algebraic topology, singular homology refers to the study of a certain set of algebraic invariants of a topological space X, the so-called homology groups Intuitively, singular homology counts, for each dimension n, the n-dimensional holes of a space. Singular homology is a particular example of a homology theory, which has now grown to be a rather broad collection of theories. Of the various theories, it is perhaps one of the simpler ones to understand, being built on fairly concrete constructions (see also the related theory simplicial homology).
In algebraic topology, simplicial homology is the sequence of homology groups of a simplicial complex. It formalizes the idea of the number of holes of a given dimension in the complex. This generalizes the number of connected components (the case of dimension 0). Simplicial homology arose as a way to study topological spaces whose building blocks are n-simplices, the n-dimensional analogs of triangles. This includes a point (0-simplex), a line segment (1-simplex), a triangle (2-simplex) and a tetrahedron (3-simplex).
Covers homology with coefficients, introducing the concept of defining homology groups with respect to arbitrary abelian groups.
Delves into the universal coefficient theorems in homological algebra, showcasing their practical application in computing homology and cohomology groups.
Covers the cup product on cohomology, acyclic models, and the universal coefficient theorem.
We determine the dimensions of Ext -groups between simple modules and dual generalized Verma modules in singular blocks of parabolic versions of category O for complex semisimple Lie algebras and affine Kac-Moody algebras. ...
We construct (modified) scattering operators for the Vlasov–Poisson system in three dimensions, mapping small asymptotic dynamics as t→−∞ to asymptotic dynamics as t→+∞. The main novelty is the construction of modified wave operators, but we also obtain a ...
The Cartan formula encodes the relationship between the cup product and the action of the Steenrod algebra in F-p-cohomology. In this work, we present an effective proof of the Cartan formula at the cochain level when the field is F-2. More explicitly, for ...