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This lecture covers the process of protein translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum, starting with the assembly of ribosomes on mRNA and the recognition of signal peptides. It explains the functions of the Signal-Recognition Particle (SRP) and the translocon, detailing how proteins are co-translationally transferred across the ER membrane. The lecture also discusses the fate of signal peptides and the role of proteases in protein degradation. Emphasis is placed on the importance of proper protein translocation to maintain cellular function.