Free fieldIn physics a free field is a field without interactions, which is described by the terms of motion and mass. In classical physics, a free field is a field whose equations of motion are given by linear partial differential equations. Such linear PDE's have a unique solution for a given initial condition. In quantum field theory, an operator valued distribution is a free field if it satisfies some linear partial differential equations such that the corresponding case of the same linear PDEs for a classical field (i.
Two-photon physicsTwo-photon physics, also called gamma–gamma physics, is a branch of particle physics that describes the interactions between two photons. Normally, beams of light pass through each other unperturbed. Inside an optical material, and if the intensity of the beams is high enough, the beams may affect each other through a variety of non-linear effects. In pure vacuum, some weak scattering of light by light exists as well. Also, above some threshold of this center-of-mass energy of the system of the two photons, matter can be created.
Three-jet eventIn particle physics, a three-jet event is an event with many particles in final state that appear to be clustered in three jets. A single jet consists of particles that fly off in roughly the same direction. One can draw three cones from the interaction point, corresponding to the jets, and most particles created in the reaction will appear to belong to one of these cones. These events are currently the most direct available evidence for the existence of gluons, and were first observed by the TASSO experiment at the PETRA accelerator at the DESY laboratory.
MagnonicsMagnonics is an emerging field of modern magnetism, which can be considered a sub-field of modern solid state physics. Magnonics combines the study of waves and magnetism. Its main aim is to investigate the behaviour of spin waves in nano-structure elements. In essence, spin waves are a propagating re-ordering of the magnetisation in a material and arise from the precession of magnetic moments. Magnetic moments arise from the orbital and spin moments of the electron, most often it is this spin moment that contributes to the net magnetic moment.
Histoire de la mécaniqueL'histoire de la mécanique débute réellement avec Galilée. Mais cette science prend ses racines dans des savoirs bien plus anciens, notamment avec les réflexions d'Archimède ou d'Aristote. Jusqu'au , la notion de mécanique englobait aussi bien l'étude scientifique des corps en mouvement que la théorie des machines. Si le mot apparaît à la Renaissance dans son sens moderne, cette science plonge cependant ses racines en des temps beaucoup plus anciens et son histoire est indissociable de celle de l'astronomie ou de l'art de fabriquer des machines.
Single-photon sourceSingle-photon sources are light sources that emit light as single particles or photons. These sources are distinct from coherent light sources (lasers) and thermal light sources such as incandescent light bulbs. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle dictates that a state with an exact number of photons of a single frequency cannot be created. However, Fock states (or number states) can be studied for a system where the electric field amplitude is distributed over a narrow bandwidth.
Physique semi-classiqueLa physique semi-classique est une conception physique qui admet qu'un système puisse être décrit pour une part par les lois de la mécanique quantique et d'autre part par les lois de la physique classique. Il s'agit en général d'une approximation pour faciliter la solution de problèmes quantiques : par exemple la dynamique de systèmes de nombreuses particules quantiques dans des états non intriqués, ou de systèmes dont les actions sont grandes devant le quantum d'action .
