Malaise (premiers secours)Le « malaise » en premiers secours (et d'une manière générale pour le grand public) est une notion plus large que le sens médical strict (malaise vagal, lipothymie et syncope). Parmi les causes communes de malaise, on trouve les accidents vasculaires cérébraux (attaque cérébrale), les infarctus du myocarde (crise ou attaque cardiaque), les crises d'épilepsie, les crises d'asthme, le diabète sucré, l'hypoglycémie, les allergies, le collapsus cardiovasculaire (ou état de choc), les baisses de tension artérielle (notamment malaise vagal, par exemple à la suite d'une émotion), le stress.
Health services researchHealth services research (HSR) became a burgeoning field in North America in the 1960s, when scientific information and policy deliberation began to coalesce. Sometimes also referred to as health systems research or health policy and systems research (HPSR), HSR is a multidisciplinary scientific field that examines how people get access to health care practitioners and health care services, how much care costs, and what happens to patients as a result of this care.
SubspecialtyA subspecialty (US English) or subspeciality (international English) is a narrow field of professional knowledge/skills within a specialty of trade, and is most commonly used to describe the increasingly more diverse medical specialties. A subspecialist is a specialist of a subspecialty. In medicine, subspecialization is particularly common in internal medicine, cardiology, neurology and pathology, and has grown as medical practice has: become more complex, and it has become clear that a physician's case volume is negatively associated with their complication rate; that is, complications tend to decrease as the volume of cases per physician goes up.
Photothermal therapyPhotothermal therapy (PTT) refers to efforts to use electromagnetic radiation (most often in infrared wavelengths) for the treatment of various medical conditions, including cancer. This approach is an extension of photodynamic therapy, in which a photosensitizer is excited with specific band light. This activation brings the sensitizer to an excited state where it then releases vibrational energy (heat), which is what kills the targeted cells. Unlike photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy does not require oxygen to interact with the target cells or tissues.
Scope of practiceScope of practice describes the procedures, actions, and processes that a healthcare practitioner is permitted to undertake in keeping with the terms of their professional license. The scope of practice is limited to that which the law allows for specific education and experience, and specific demonstrated competency. Each jurisdiction has laws, licensing bodies, and regulations that describe requirements for education and training, and define scope of practice.
Maladie immunitaireLes maladies immunitaires, ou immunopathies, regroupent toutes les maladies affectant le système immunitaire. On en distingue deux groupes : les maladies auto-immunes dites « autoinflammatoires » ; les déficits immunitaires, éventuellement d'origine génétique, ou « médiées ». Certaines maladies présentent toutefois des caractéristiques évoquant ces deux types de maladies ( cystite interstitielle, neuromyotonie, sclérodermie, vitiligo, vulvodynie, maladie de Behçet, maladie de Lyme, syndrome des poumons rétractés, maladie de Menière.
Perioperative mortalityPerioperative mortality has been defined as any death, regardless of cause, occurring within 30 days after surgery in or out of the hospital. Globally, 4.2 million people are estimated to die within 30 days of surgery each year. An important consideration in the decision to perform any surgical procedure is to weigh the benefits against the risks. Anesthesiologists and surgeons employ various methods in assessing whether a patient is in optimal condition from a medical standpoint prior to undertaking surgery, and various statistical tools are available.
QALYLe QALY (de l’anglais quality-adjusted life year, « année de vie pondérée par la qualité ») est un indicateur économique visant à estimer la valeur de la vie. Le QALY peut être utilisé, en médecine, pour déterminer la valeur pécuniaire d'une intervention ou d'un traitement. Une année en bonne santé correspond à un QALY de 1 ; une intervention causant la mort correspond à un QALY de 0 ; une année au cours de laquelle l'intervention thérapeutique permet de prolonger l'espérance de vie effective mais affecte les conditions de vie (par exemple, en évitant le décès au prix d'un handicap) sera comptée entre 0 et 1.
DermatopathologyDermatopathology (from Greek δέρμα, derma 'skin' + πάθος, pathos 'fate, harm' + -λογία, -logia 'study of') is a joint subspecialty of dermatology and pathology or surgical pathology that focuses on the study of cutaneous diseases at a microscopic and molecular level. It also encompasses analyses of the potential causes of skin diseases at a basic level. Dermatopathologists work in close association with clinical dermatologists, with many possessing further clinical training in dermatology.
