Transistor bipolaire à grille isoléeLe transistor bipolaire à grille isolée (IGBT, de l’anglais en) est un dispositif semi-conducteur de la famille des transistors qui est utilisé comme interrupteur électronique, principalement dans les montages de l’électronique de puissance. Ce composant, qui combine les avantages des technologies précédentes a permis de nombreux progrès dans les applications de l’électronique de puissance, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la fiabilité que sur l’aspect économique.
Variateur électronique de vitessethumb|Petit variateur de vitesse thumb|Électronique du variateur de vitesse ci-dessus Un variateur électronique de vitesse (en anglais, variable frequency drive ou VFD) est un dispositif destiné à régler la vitesse et le couple d'un moteur électrique à courant alternatif en faisant varier respectivement la fréquence et la tension, délivrées à la sortie de celui-ci. Leurs applications vont des plus petits aux plus grands moteurs, comme ceux utilisés par les perceuses.
Power semiconductor deviceA power semiconductor device is a semiconductor device used as a switch or rectifier in power electronics (for example in a switch-mode power supply). Such a device is also called a power device or, when used in an integrated circuit, a power IC. A power semiconductor device is usually used in "commutation mode" (i.e., it is either on or off), and therefore has a design optimized for such usage; it should usually not be used in linear operation. Linear power circuits are widespread as voltage regulators, audio amplifiers, and radio frequency amplifiers.
Traction motorA traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives, electric or hydrogen vehicles, or electric multiple unit trains. Traction motors are used in electrically powered railway vehicles (electric multiple units) and other electric vehicles including electric milk floats, trolleybuses, elevators, roller coasters, and conveyors, as well as vehicles with electrical transmission systems (diesel-electric locomotives, electric hybrid vehicles), and battery electric vehicles.
Power engineeringPower engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electric power, and the electrical apparatus connected to such systems. Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phase AC power – the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world – a significant fraction of the field is concerned with the conversion between AC and DC power and the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks.
OnduleurUn onduleur est un dispositif d'électronique de puissance permettant de générer des tensions et des courants alternatifs à partir d'une source d'énergie électrique continue. Son fonctionnement est à dissocier des autres convertisseurs comme les convertisseurs AC/AC, les redresseurs (AC/DC) ou encore les convertisseurs DC/DC. Cependant un onduleur peut être associé à d'autres convertisseurs pour en changer la fonction. Le nom anglais de l'onduleur, « inverter », vient du fait qu'historiquement l'onduleur avait la fonction inverse d'un redresseur.
Induction motorAn induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor can therefore be made without electrical connections to the rotor. An induction motor's rotor can be either wound type or squirrel-cage type. Three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors are widely used as industrial drives because they are self-starting, reliable, and economical.
Motor driveMotor drive means a system that includes a motor. An adjustable speed motor drive means a system that includes a motor that has multiple operating speeds. A variable speed motor drive is a system that includes a motor and is continuously variable in speed. If the motor is generating electrical energy rather than using it – this could be called a generator drive but is often still referred to as a motor drive. A variable frequency drive (VFD) or variable speed drive (VSD) describes the electronic portion of the system that controls the speed of the motor.
Flyback diodeA flyback diode is any diode connected across an inductor used to eliminate flyback, which is the sudden voltage spike seen across an inductive load when its supply current is suddenly reduced or interrupted. It is used in circuits in which inductive loads are controlled by switches, and in switching power supplies and inverters. Flyback circuits have been used since 1930 and were refined starting in 1950 for use in television receivers.
Pont en HLe pont en H est une structure électronique servant à contrôler la polarité aux bornes d'un dipôle. Il est composé de quatre éléments de commutation généralement disposés schématiquement en une forme de H d'où le nom. Les commutateurs peuvent être des relais, des transistors, ou autres éléments de commutation en fonction de l'application visée. Cette structure se retrouve dans plusieurs applications de l'électronique de puissance incluant le contrôle des moteurs, les convertisseurs et hacheurs, ainsi que les onduleurs.
