Direct sum of groups | EPFL Graph Search

In mathematics, a group G is called the direct sum of two normal subgroups with trivial intersection if it is generated by the subgroups. In abstract algebra, this method of construction of groups can be generalized to direct sums of vector spaces, modules, and other structures; see the article direct sum of modules for more information. A group which can be expressed as a direct sum of non-trivial subgroups is called decomposable, and if a group cannot be expressed as such a direct sum then it is called indecomposable. Definition A group G is called the direct sum of two subgroups H1 and H2 if

each H1 and H2 are normal subgroups of G,
the subgroups H1 and H2 have trivial intersection (i.e., having only the identity element e of G in common),
G = ⟨H1, H2⟩; in other words, G is generated by the subgroups H1 and H2.

More generally, G is called the direct sum of a finite set of subgroups {Hi} if

each Hi is a normal sub

Modules d'endo-p-permutation

Jean-Marie Urfer

This dissertation is concerned with the study of a new family of representations of finite groups, the endo-p-permutation modules. Given a prime number p, a finite group G of order divisible by p and an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p, we say that a kG-module M is an endo-p-permutation module if its endomorphism algebra Endk(M) is a p-permutation kG-module, that is a direct summand of a permutation kG-module. This generalizes the notion, first introduced by E. Dade in 1978, of endo-permutation modules for p-groups . For P a p-group, E. Dade defined an abelian group structure on the set of isomorphism classes of indecomposable endo-permutation kP-modules with vertex P and he proved that the complete description of the structure of this group is equivalent to the classification of endo-permutation kP-modules. This group of isomorphism classes is now called the Dade group of the p-group P. The problem of describing the Dade group for an arbitrary p-group was recently solved by S. Bouc. This opens the question of studying endo-p-permutation modules, which are the natural generalization to arbitrary finite groups of endo-permutation modules. In the following text, we present the basic properties of endo-p-permutation modules and give a characterization of indecomposable endo-p-permutation modules with vertex P via properties of their sources modules. In particular, when the normalizer of P controls p-fusion, we are able to give a complete classification of sources of indecomposable endo-p-permutation modules with vertex P, using Bouc's description of the Dade group. When p is odd, we also give an alternative proof of a theorem of Dade concerned with extensions of endo-permutation modules, using our previous results. We present a consequence of this theorem of Dade on the structure of the multiplicity module associated to an indecomposable endo-p-permutation module. Finally we study some concrete examples of endo-p-permutation modules such as relative syzygies and relative Heller translates. We prove also that the Green correspondent of an indecomposable kNG(P)- endo-p-permutation module with vertex P is not in general an endo-p-permutation kG-module. The study of such representations is motivated by the important role they play in certain areas of representations theory. For instance, endo-permutation modules, and more generally endo-p-permutation modules (as is proved here), appear in the study of simple modules for p-solvable groups.

EPFL2006

Varieties of modules for Z/2Z x Z/2Z

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2. We prove that the restricted nilpotent commuting variety C, that is the set of pairs of (n x n)-matrices (A, B) such that A(2) = B-2 = [A, B] = 0, is equidimensional. C can be identified with the 'variety of n-dimensional modules' for Z/2Z x Z/2Z, or equivalently, for k[X, Y]/(X-2, Y-2). On the other hand, we provide an example showing that the restricted nilpotent commuting variety is not equidimensional for fields of characteristic > 2. We also prove that if e(2) = 0 then the set of elements of the centralizer of e whose square is zero is equidimensional. Finally, we express each irreducible component of C as a direct sum of indecomposable components of varieties of Z/2Z x Z/2Z-modules. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Elsevier2007

Modules d'endo-p-permutation

Jean-Marie Urfer

EPFL2006