Concept
Topologie initiale
Concepts associés (16)
Topologie finale
En mathématiques et plus précisément en topologie, la topologie finale, sur un ensemble d'arrivée commun à une famille d'applications définies chacune sur un espace topologique, est la topologie la plus fine pour laquelle toutes ces applications sont continues. La notion duale est celle de topologie initiale. Soient X un ensemble, (Y) une famille d'espaces topologiques et pour chaque indice i ∈ I, une application f : Y → X. La topologie finale sur X associée à la famille (f) est la plus fine des topologies sur X pour lesquelles chaque f est continue.
Filters in topology
Filters in topology, a subfield of mathematics, can be used to study topological spaces and define all basic topological notions such as convergence, continuity, compactness, and more. Filters, which are special families of subsets of some given set, also provide a common framework for defining various types of limits of functions such as limits from the left/right, to infinity, to a point or a set, and many others. Special types of filters called have many useful technical properties and they may often be used in place of arbitrary filters.
Dual system
In mathematics, a dual system, dual pair, or duality over a field is a triple consisting of two vector spaces and over and a non-degenerate bilinear map . Duality theory, the study of dual systems, is part of functional analysis. It is separate and distinct to Dual-system Theory in psychology. Pairings A or pair over a field is a triple which may also be denoted by consisting of two vector spaces and over (which this article assumes is the field either of real numbers or the complex numbers ).
Natural topology
In any domain of mathematics, a space has a natural topology if there is a topology on the space which is "best adapted" to its study within the domain in question. In many cases this imprecise definition means little more than the assertion that the topology in question arises naturally or canonically (see mathematical jargon) in the given context. Note that in some cases multiple topologies seem "natural". For example, if Y is a subset of a totally ordered set X, then the induced order topology, i.e.
Indiscernabilité topologique
In topology, two points of a topological space X are topologically indistinguishable if they have exactly the same neighborhoods. That is, if x and y are points in X, and Nx is the set of all neighborhoods that contain x, and Ny is the set of all neighborhoods that contain y, then x and y are "topologically indistinguishable" if and only if Nx = Ny. (See Hausdorff's axiomatic .) Intuitively, two points are topologically indistinguishable if the topology of X is unable to discern between the points.
Continuous linear operator
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, a continuous linear operator or continuous linear mapping is a continuous linear transformation between topological vector spaces. An operator between two normed spaces is a bounded linear operator if and only if it is a continuous linear operator. Continuous function (topology) and Discontinuous linear map Bounded operator Suppose that is a linear operator between two topological vector spaces (TVSs). The following are equivalent: is continuous.
Topologie compacte-ouverte
En mathématiques, la topologie compacte-ouverte est une topologie définie sur l'ensemble des applications continues entre deux espaces topologiques. C'est l'une des topologies les plus utilisées sur un tel espace fonctionnel, et elle est employée en théorie de l'homotopie et en analyse fonctionnelle. Elle a été introduite par Ralph Fox en 1945. Soient X et Y deux espaces topologiques et C(X,Y) l'espace des applications continues de X dans Y.
Topologie de Sierpiński
In mathematics, the Sierpiński space (or the connected two-point set) is a finite topological space with two points, only one of which is closed. It is the smallest example of a topological space which is neither trivial nor discrete. It is named after Wacław Sierpiński. The Sierpiński space has important relations to the theory of computation and semantics, because it is the classifying space for open sets in the Scott topology.
Comparaison de topologies
En mathématiques, l'ensemble de toutes les topologies possibles sur un ensemble donné possède une structure d'ensemble partiellement ordonné. Cette relation d'ordre permet de comparer les différentes topologies. Soient τ1 et τ2 deux topologies sur un ensemble X. On dit que τ2 est plus fine que τ1 (ou bien que τ1 est moins fine que τ2) et on note τ ⊆ τ si l'application identité idX : (X, τ2) → (X, τ1) est continue. Si de plus τ ≠ τ, on dit que τ2 est strictement plus fine que τ1 (ou bien que τ1 est strictement moins fine que τ2).
Catégorie des espaces topologiques
En mathématiques, la catégorie des espaces topologiques est une construction qui rend compte abstraitement des propriétés générales observées dans l'étude des espaces topologiques. Ce n'est pas la seule catégorie qui possède les espaces topologiques comme objet, et ses propriétés générales sont trop faibles ; cela motive la recherche de « meilleures » catégories d'espaces. C'est un exemple de catégorie topologique.