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Concept
Filtre de Wiener
Résumé
In signal processing, the Wiener filter is a filter used to produce an estimate of a desired or target random process by linear time-invariant (LTI) filtering of an observed noisy process, assuming known stationary signal and noise spectra, and additive noise. The Wiener filter minimizes the mean square error between the estimated random process and the desired process.
The goal of the Wiener filter is to compute a statistical estimate of an unknown signal using a related signal as an input and filtering that known signal to produce the estimate as an output. For example, the known signal might consist of an unknown signal of interest that has been corrupted by additive noise. The Wiener filter can be used to filter out the noise from the corrupted signal to provide an estimate of the underlying signal of interest. The Wiener filter is based on a statistical approach, and a more statistical account of the theory is given in the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator article.
Typical deterministic filters are designed for a desired frequency response. However, the design of the Wiener filter takes a different approach. One is assumed to have knowledge of the spectral properties of the original signal and the noise, and one seeks the linear time-invariant filter whose output would come as close to the original signal as possible. Wiener filters are characterized by the following:
Assumption: signal and (additive) noise are stationary linear stochastic processes with known spectral characteristics or known autocorrelation and cross-correlation
Requirement: the filter must be physically realizable/causal (this requirement can be dropped, resulting in a non-causal solution)
Performance criterion: minimum mean-square error (MMSE)
This filter is frequently used in the process of deconvolution; for this application, see Wiener deconvolution.
Let be an unknown signal which must be estimated from a measurement signal . Where alpha is a tunable parameter. is known as prediction, is known as filtering, and is known as smoothing (see Wiener filtering chapter of for more details).
Source officielle
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