Jeu sur ordinateur personnel

Résumé

Un jeu sur ordinateur personnel est un jeu vidéo utilisant comme support un ordinateur personnel quels que soient son architecture ou son système d'exploitation, plutôt qu'une plate-forme dédiée de type console de jeux vidéo, ou que tout autre forme de systèmes comme la borne d'arcade, le smartphone ou la tablette. Généralement, les ordinateurs personnels qui remplissent ce rôle sont des PC qui ont Microsoft Windows comme système d'exploitation, bien que Mac OS et Linux soient également utilisés dans une moindre mesure. Par le passé, plusieurs types de micro-ordinateurs ont été populaires, en particulier le Commodore 64. Jusqu'au début des années 2000, l'emballage des jeux pour ordinateur était assez imposant : les disquettes ou le CD-ROM étaient dans une boîte en carton plus grande que les jaquettes DVD qui contiennent les jeux . Ces boîtes en carton sont appelées en anglais. Ces "big box" ont disparu en Europe vers l'année 2002. Aux États-Unis, on peut cependant encore en retr

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeu_sur_ordinateur_personnel

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (10)

Publications associées

Chargement

Personnes associées

Chargement

Unités associées

Chargement

Concepts associés (57)

Concepts associés

Chargement

Cours associés (1)

Cours associés

Chargement

Séances de cours associées (2)

Séances de cours associées

Chargement

Nowadays, virtual humans such as non-player characters in computer games need to have a strong autonomy in order to live their own life in persistent virtual worlds. When designing autonomous virtual humans, the action selection problem needs to be considered, as it is responsible for decision making at each moment in time. Indeed action selection architectures for autonomous virtual humans need to be reactive, proactive, motivational, and emotional to obtain a high degree of autonomy and individuality. The thesis can be divided into three parts. In the first part, we define each word of our title to precise their sense and raise the problematic of this work. We describe also inspirations from several domains that we used to design our model because this thesis is highly multi-disciplinary. Indeed, decision-making is essential for every autonomous entity and is studied in ethology, robotics, computer graphics, computer sciences, and cognitive sciences. However, we have chosen specific techniques to implement our model: hierarchical classifier systems and a free flow hierarchy. The second part of this thesis describes in detail our model of action selection for autonomous virtual humans. We use overlapping hierarchical classifier systems, working in parallel, to generate coherent behavioral plans. They are associated with the functionalities of a free flow hierarchy for the spreading of activation to give reactivity and flexibility to the hierarchical system. Moreover several functionalities are added to enhance and facilitate the choice of the most appropriate action at every time according to the internal and external influences. Finally, in the third part of this thesis, a complex simulated environment is created for testing the model and its functionalities with many conflicting motivations. Results demonstrate that the model is sufficiently efficient, robust and flexible for designing motivational autonomous virtual humans in persistent worlds. Moreover, we have just started to investigate on the emotional level which has to be improved in the future to have more subjective and adaptive behaviors and also manage social interactions with other virtual humans or users. Applied to video games, non player characters are more interesting and believable because they live their own life when people don't interact with them.

EPFL2006

Chargement

A motivational model of action selection for virtual humans

Etienne De Sevin, Daniel Thalmann

Nowadays virtual humans such as non-player characters in computer games need to have a real autonomy in order to live their own life in persistent virtual worlds. When designing autonomous virtual humans, the action selection problem needs to be considered, as it is responsible for decision making at each moment in time. Action selection architectures for autonomous virtual humans should be individual, motivational, reactive and proactive to obtain a high degree of autonomy. This paper describes in detail our motivational model of action selection for autonomous virtual humans in which overlapping hierarchical classifier systems, working in parallel to generate coherent behavioral plans, are associated with the functionalities of a free flow hierarchy to give reactivity to the hierarchical system. Finally, results of our model in a complex simulated environment, with conflicting motivations, demonstrate that the model is sufficiently robust and flexible for designing motivational autonomous virtual humans in real-time

2005

Chargement

Formation preserving path finding in 3-D terrains

Ali Galip Bayrak

Navigation of a group of autonomous agents that are required to maintain a formation is a challenging task which has not been studied much especially in 3-D terrains. This paper presents a novel approach to collision free path finding of multiple agents preserving a predefined formation in 3-D terrains. The proposed method could be used in many areas like navigation of semi-automated forces (SAF) at unit level in military simulations and non-player characters (NPC) in computer games. The proposed path finding algorithm first computes an optimal path from an initial point to a target point after analyzing the 3-D terrain data from which it constructs a weighted graph. Then, it employs a real-time path finding algorithm specifically designed to realize the navigation of the group from one waypoint to the successive one on the optimal path generated at the previous stage, preserving the formation and avoiding collision. Software was developed to test the methods discussed here.

Springer Verlag2012

Chargement

EPFL2006