Concept
Ronald Aylmer Fisher
Concepts associés (47)
Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processes or develop genetic technologies to aid in the pharmaceutical or and agriculture industries. Some geneticists perform experiments in model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, rodents or humans and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of biological traits.
Permutation test
A permutation test (also called re-randomization test) is an exact statistical hypothesis test making use of the proof by contradiction. A permutation test involves two or more samples. The null hypothesis is that all samples come from the same distribution . Under the null hypothesis, the distribution of the test statistic is obtained by calculating all possible values of the test statistic under possible rearrangements of the observed data. Permutation tests are, therefore, a form of resampling.
Fréquence allélique
La fréquence allélique est la fréquence à laquelle se trouve l'allèle d'un variant dans une population. Habituellement, on l'exprime comme une proportion ou un pourcentage. La somme des fréquences alléliques de tous les allèles d'un gène dans une population est donc par définition égale à 1. En génétique des populations, les fréquences alléliques représentent la diversité génétique au niveau de la population, ou de l'espèce. Le locus d'un gène sur un chromosome est l'endroit précis où se situe ce gène sur le chromosome.
Genetic architecture
Genetic architecture is the underlying genetic basis of a phenotypic trait and its variational properties. Phenotypic variation for quantitative traits is, at the most basic level, the result of the segregation of alleles at quantitative trait loci (QTL). Environmental factors and other external influences can also play a role in phenotypic variation. Genetic architecture is a broad term that can be described for any given individual based on information regarding gene and allele number, the distribution of allelic and mutational effects, and patterns of pleiotropy, dominance, and epistasis.
One- and two-tailed tests
In statistical significance testing, a one-tailed test and a two-tailed test are alternative ways of computing the statistical significance of a parameter inferred from a data set, in terms of a test statistic. A two-tailed test is appropriate if the estimated value is greater or less than a certain range of values, for example, whether a test taker may score above or below a specific range of scores. This method is used for null hypothesis testing and if the estimated value exists in the critical areas, the alternative hypothesis is accepted over the null hypothesis.
Pléiotropie
La pléiotropie, du grec pleion (πλείων, « plus »), et tropê (τροπή, « changement ») qualifie un gène ou une protéine qui détermine plusieurs caractères phénotypiques. Par conséquent, le phénotype induit par une mutation de ce gène n'est pas le reflet de l'effet sur une seule et unique fonction induite par ce gène, mais la combinaison des effets sur plusieurs de ces caractères. Cela peut être un problème si on cherche à obtenir une variété pour sélectionner un phénotype particulier.
Peppered moth evolution
The evolution of the peppered moth is an evolutionary instance of directional colour change in the moth population as a consequence of air pollution during the Industrial Revolution. The frequency of dark-coloured moths increased at that time, an example of industrial melanism. Later, when pollution was reduced, the light-coloured form again predominated. Industrial melanism in the peppered moth was an early test of Charles Darwin's natural selection in action, and it remains a classic example in the teaching of evolution.