SatyaSatya (devanāgarī: सत्य ; pali : sacca) est un mot sanskrit qui peut être traduit par ou . Ce terme a différentes acceptions dans le l'hindouisme, le bouddhisme et le Jaïnisme. Satya est défini en sanskrit par l'expression sate hitam satyam qui peut se traduire par « ce qui conduit vers sat () est satya ». C'est un dérivé nominal du participe présent du verbe as (être): sat (étant), auquel s'ajoute le suffixe -ya, qui sert à former des adjectifs possessifs ou des substantifs neutres abstraits.
YâskaYāska was an ancient Indian grammarian and linguist [est. 7th–5th century BCE(disputed)]. Preceding Pāṇini [est. 7th–4th century BCE(disputed)], he is traditionally identified as the author of Nirukta, the discipline of "etymology" (explanation of words) within Sanskrit grammatical tradition and the Nighantu, the oldest proto-thesaurus in India. Yaska is widely regarded as the precursive founder of the discipline of what would become etymology in both the East and the West.
ShakhaA shakha (Sanskrit , "branch" or "limb") is a Hindu theological school that specializes in learning certain Vedic texts, or else the traditional texts followed by such a school. An individual follower of a particular school or recension is called a . The term is also used in Hindu philosophy to refer to an adherent of a particular orthodox system.
KātyāyanaKātyāyana (कात्यायन) also spelled as Katyayana (est. 6th to 3rd century BCE) was a Sanskrit grammarian, mathematician and Vedic priest who lived in ancient India. According to some legends, he was born in the Katya lineage originating from Vishwamitra, thus called Katyayana. The Kathāsaritsāgara mentions Kātyāyana as another name of Vararuci, a re-incarnation of Lord Shiva's gana or follower Pushpadanta.
Lacto vegetarianismA lacto-vegetarian (sometimes referred to as a lactarian; from the Latin root lact-, milk) diet is a diet that abstains from the consumption of meat as well as eggs, while still consuming dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, ghee, cream, and kefir. The concept and practice of lacto-vegetarianism among a significant number of people comes from ancient India. An early advocate of lacto-vegetarianism was the Scottish physician George Cheyne who promoted a milk and vegetable-based diet to treat obesity and other health problems in the early 18th century.
NiruktaNirukta (devanāgarī: निरुक्त) signifie en sanskrit « explication, interprétation, étymologie, herméneutique ». Nirukta ou Nirvacanaśāstra désigne aussi l'une des six disciplines annexes du Veda (Vedāṅga). La seule œuvre de base que l'on en ait conservé est le Nirukta de Yāska et concerne l'étymologie de mots védiques. Rédigé en sanskrit ancien ou védique, le Nirukta (terme sanskrit signifiant explication ou interprétation étymologique) se présente comme un commentaire sur les nighaṇṭu, lesquels sont des glossaires de mots rares ou obscurs contenus dans les Veda.
Ashtadhyayivignette|Un traite de grammaire en huit chapitres. Ashtadhyayi (IAST: Aṣṭādhyāyī, devanāgarī: sa, signifiant en sanskrit : « Octopartite ») est un traité de grammaire en huit chapitres composé en sanskrit vers -350 et est attribué à Pāṇini, personnage mythique de l'hindouisme dont le terme est une invention issu de la colonisation anglaise de l'Inde. Ce traité de grammaire en huit leçons comprend quatre mille règles composées dans le style du sūtra, et est le plus ancien connu à ce jour.
Vedic priesthoodPriests of the Vedic religion are officiants of the yajna service. Yajna is an important part of Hinduism, especially the Vedas. Persons trained for the ritual and proficient in its practice were called (ऋत्विज् 'regularly-sacrificing'). As members of a social class, they were generically known as vipra 'sage' or kavi 'seer'. Specialization of roles attended the elaboration and development of the ritual corpus over time. Eventually a full complement of sixteen s became the custom for major ceremonies.
ShikshaShiksha (शिक्षा, IAST and ISO: ) is a Sanskrit word, which means "instruction, lesson, learning, study of skill". It also refers to one of the six Vedangas, or limbs of Vedic studies, on phonetics and phonology in Sanskrit. Shiksha is the field of Vedic study of sound, focussing on the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet, accent, quantity, stress, melody and rules of euphonic combination of words during a Vedic recitation. Each ancient Vedic school developed this field of Vedanga, and the oldest surviving phonetic textbooks are the Pratishakyas.
Homa (rituel)vignette|saifukuji Le Homa dénommé aussi homan ou havan est la cérémonie du feu dans l'hindouisme. Tout rituel autour du feu porte ce nom; cependant certains ont des noms plus spécifiques comme Agnihotra. Ces rituels ancestraux, proche de l'animisme sont censés relier les humains aux Dieux; ainsi ce qui est offert au feu parvient aux divinités. Des homas pour Hanuman ou Ganesh sont organisés. La purification est aussi un symbole du feu. De nombreuses pujas sur le sous-continent indien se passent autour du feu.
