Séchage (cuisine)

Food drying is a method of food preservation in which food is dried (dehydrated or desiccated). Drying inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and mold through the removal of water. Dehydration has been used widely for this purpose since ancient times; the earliest known practice is 12,000 B.C. by inhabitants of the modern Middle East and Asia regions. Water is traditionally removed through evaporation by using methods such as air drying, sun drying, smoking or wind drying, although today electric food dehydrators or freeze-drying can be used to speed the drying process and ensure more consistent results. Many different foods can be prepared by dehydration. Meat has held a historically significant role. For centuries, much of the European diet depended on dried cod—known as salt cod, bacalhau (with salt), or stockfish (without). It formed the main protein source for the slaves on the West Indian plantations, and was a major economic force within the triangular trade. Dried fish most commonly cod or haddock, known as Harðfiskur, is a delicacy in Iceland, while dried reindeer meat is a traditional Sami food. Dried meats include prosciutto (Parma ham), bresaola, biltong and beef jerky. Dried fruits have been consumed historically due to their high sugar content and sweet taste, and a longer shelf-life from drying. Fruits may be used differently when dried. The plum becomes a prune, the grape a raisin. Figs and dates may be transformed into different products that can either be eaten as they are, used in recipes, or rehydrated. Freeze-dried vegetables are often found in food for backpackers, hunters, and the military. Garlic and onion are often dried and stored with their stalks braided. Edible mushrooms and fungi are sometimes dried for preservation or to be used as seasonings. Home drying of vegetables, fruit and meat can be carried out with electrical dehydrators (household appliance) or by sun-drying or by wind. Preservatives such as potassium metabisulfite, BHA, or BHT may be used, but are not required.

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Séchage (cuisine)

thumb|Séchage traditionnel de poissons à Madagascar (2006). Les poissons ont été vidés et ouverts en deux. Le séchage est une méthode de conservation des aliments par déshydratation ou dessiccation. Il permet de ralentir la progression des bactéries, des levures et des moisissures en réduisant la quantité d'eau libre. Le séchage est une technique de conservation ancienne remontant au moins à avant J.-C., en Asie et au Moyen-Orient.

Jerky

vignette|Jerky. vignette|Lanières de jerky. Le jerky (en français : charqui ou charque) est une variété de viande séchée et salée de bœuf, découpée en fines lanières. Le mot vient d'un mot quechua (charqui) signifiant « viande séchée et salée ». Les Chincha, une culture préhispanique florissante entre et , avaient organisé, grâce à leur flottille marchande, le commerce triangulaire de cet aliment entre le plateau d'El Collao, la côte centrale péruvienne et le nord de l'Équateur. Biltong Charqui Kilichi Caté

Curing (food preservation)

Curing is any of various food preservation and flavoring processes of foods such as meat, fish and vegetables, by the addition of salt, with the aim of drawing moisture out of the food by the process of osmosis. Because curing increases the solute concentration in the food and hence decreases its water potential, the food becomes inhospitable for the microbe growth that causes food spoilage. Curing can be traced back to antiquity, and was the primary method of preserving meat and fish until the late 19th century.

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