Transitive reductionIn the mathematical field of graph theory, a transitive reduction of a directed graph D is another directed graph with the same vertices and as few edges as possible, such that for all pairs of vertices v, w a (directed) path from v to w in D exists if and only if such a path exists in the reduction. Transitive reductions were introduced by , who provided tight bounds on the computational complexity of constructing them. More technically, the reduction is a directed graph that has the same reachability relation as D.
PolyarbreEn mathématiques, et notamment en théorie des graphes, un polyarbre (aussi appelé arbre dirigé, arbre orienté ou singly connected network) est graphe orienté acyclique dont le graphe non orienté sous-jacent est un arbre (théorie des graphes). En d'autres termes, si on remplace les arcs par des arêtes, on obtient un graphe non orienté qui est à la fois connexe et sans cycle. Une polyforêt (ou forêt dirigée ou forêt orientée) est un graphe orienté dont le graphe non orienté sous-jacent est une forêt.
ReachabilityIn graph theory, reachability refers to the ability to get from one vertex to another within a graph. A vertex can reach a vertex (and is reachable from ) if there exists a sequence of adjacent vertices (i.e. a walk) which starts with and ends with . In an undirected graph, reachability between all pairs of vertices can be determined by identifying the connected components of the graph. Any pair of vertices in such a graph can reach each other if and only if they belong to the same connected component; therefore, in such a graph, reachability is symmetric ( reaches iff reaches ).
Meyniel graphIn graph theory, a Meyniel graph is a graph in which every odd cycle of length five or more has at least two chords (edges connecting non-consecutive vertices of the cycle). The chords may be uncrossed (as shown in the figure) or they may cross each other, as long as there are at least two of them. The Meyniel graphs are named after Henri Meyniel (also known for Meyniel's conjecture), who proved that they are perfect graphs in 1976, long before the proof of the strong perfect graph theorem completely characterized the perfect graphs.
