Choice of law is a procedural stage in the litigation of a case involving the conflict of laws when it is necessary to reconcile the differences between the laws of different legal jurisdictions, such as sovereign states, federated states (as in the US), or provinces. The outcome of this process is potentially to require the courts of one jurisdiction to apply the law of a different jurisdiction in lawsuits arising from, say, family law, tort, or contract. The law which is applied is sometimes referred to as the "proper law." Dépeçage is an issue within choice of law.
Jurisdiction. The court selected by the plaintiff must decide both whether it has the jurisdiction to hear the case and, if it has, whether another forum is more suitable (the forum non conveniens issue relates to the problem of forum shopping) for the disposition of the case. Naturally, a plaintiff with appropriate knowledge and finance will always commence proceedings in the court most likely to give a favourable outcome. This is called forum shopping and whether a court will accept such cases is always determined by the local law.
Recognition of foreign judgments. Even where a conflict of laws exists, the court will recognize the validity of a foreign judgment in most cases. Under U.S. law, this authority is part of the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the U.S. Constitution. Under international law, this authority is part of the doctrine of comity. The court will invoke comity by its discretion and will usually look to two factors before using its discretionary powers: did the foreign court have jurisdiction, and were fair procedures used in adjudicating the case? Under English law, it is the doctrine of obligation. Within the European Union the Brussels Recast Regulation determines jurisdiction and recognition.
Characterization. The court then allocates each aspect of the case as pleaded to its appropriate legal classification. Each such classification has its own choice of law rules but distinguishing between procedural and substantive rules requires care.
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Le domicile est une notion née du mot latin domus désignant le lieu où habite une personne, mais aussi le point fixe où les intérêts d'une personne la ramènent régulièrement. Il s'agit donc de la localisation géographique stable et réputée permanente des sujets de droits, permettant, selon le doyen Jean Carbonnier, d' « attacher au domicile une présomption simple de présence permanente ». C'est pourquoi les actes judiciaires faits à leur domicile leur sont opposables. En droit positif, le domicile est fixé au lieu du principal établissement.
En résolution du conflit de lois en droit international privé, la lex loci désigne la loi applicable fondée sur le lieu de la cause, par opposition à une loi choisie par les parties ou imposée selon un autre critère de rattachement. La Convention de Rome du 19 juin 1980 et le Règlement Rome I du 17 juin 2008 admettent que la lex loci, ou loi du lieu de conclusion du contrat, est compétente pour les questions relatives à l'admissibilité de la preuve de l'acte, ou à ses conditions de validité formelle Cette règle admet toutefois des dérogations en cas de choix différent effectué par les parties.
In law, comity is "a practice among different political entities (as countries, states, or courts of different jurisdictions)" involving the "mutual recognition of legislative, executive, and judicial acts." Comity derives from the Latin cōmitās, courtesy, from cōmis, friendly, courteous. Enforcement of foreign judgments The doctrine of international comity has been described variously "as a choice-of-law principle, a synonym for private international law, a rule of public international law, a moral obligation, expediency, courtesy, reciprocity, utility, or diplomacy.
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