Hiérarchie de BorelLa hiérarchie de Borel désigne une description de la tribu des boréliens d'un espace topologique X comme une réunion croissante d'ensembles de parties de X, indexée par le premier ordinal non dénombrable. Soit un ensemble de parties d'un ensemble X. On note : l'ensemble des unions dénombrables d'éléments de : l'ensemble des intersections dénombrables d'éléments de : Les lettres grecques σ et δ représentent respectivement les mots allemands désignant la réunion (Summe) et l'intersection (Durchschnitt).
Théorème de PostIn computability theory Post's theorem, named after Emil Post, describes the connection between the arithmetical hierarchy and the Turing degrees. Arithmetical hierarchy#Relation to Turing machines The statement of Post's theorem uses several concepts relating to definability and recursion theory. This section gives a brief overview of these concepts, which are covered in depth in their respective articles. The arithmetical hierarchy classifies certain sets of natural numbers that are definable in the language of Peano arithmetic.
PointclassIn the mathematical field of descriptive set theory, a pointclass is a collection of sets of points, where a point is ordinarily understood to be an element of some perfect Polish space. In practice, a pointclass is usually characterized by some sort of definability property; for example, the collection of all open sets in some fixed collection of Polish spaces is a pointclass. (An open set may be seen as in some sense definable because it cannot be a purely arbitrary collection of points; for any point in the set, all points sufficiently close to that point must also be in the set.
Arithmétique vraieEn logique mathématique, l'arithmétique vraie est l'ensemble de toutes les propositions vraies sur l'arithmétique des entiers naturels (Boolos, Burgess et Jeffrey 2002: 295). C'est la théorie associée au modèle standard des axiomes de Peano dans la signature des axiomes de Peano du premier ordre. L'arithmétique vraie est parfois appelée arithmétique de Skolem, bien que ce terme se réfère habituellement à une théorie différente, la théorie des entiers naturels avec multiplication.
Arithmetical setIn mathematical logic, an arithmetical set (or arithmetic set) is a set of natural numbers that can be defined by a formula of first-order Peano arithmetic. The arithmetical sets are classified by the arithmetical hierarchy. The definition can be extended to an arbitrary countable set A (e.g. the set of n-tuples of integers, the set of rational numbers, the set of formulas in some formal language, etc.) by using Gödel numbers to represent elements of the set and declaring a subset of A to be arithmetical if the set of corresponding Gödel numbers is arithmetical.
