Libéralisme

Résumé

vignette|La Liberté guidant le peuple d'Eugène Delacroix (1830). Le libéralisme est un courant de pensée qui prône la défense des droits individuels, subjectifs (isonomie, liberté, sécurité, propriété…), dans la lignée de John Locke, au nom d'une vision fondée sur l'individu et la coopération volontaire entre les humains. Emmanuel Kant ajoutera à cette définition, et c'est cette conception spiritualiste et idéaliste du libéralisme (dualisme ou idéalisme absolu) qui prévaudra en Europe, que la plus haute valeur observée dans un état de droit, c'est la dignité de la personne humaine ; cette dernière ayant le potentiel d'être autonome, d'être libre d'agir et de choisir ses propres fins. Le libéralisme tel que défini par Locke est plus progressiste, tandis que le libéralisme de Kant est plus conservateur (déontologie, discipline de la volonté). Ainsi, la pensée libérale repose sur le principe de la responsabilité morale, de l'universalisme des Lumières, du libre arbitre et s'oppose aux do

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ralisme

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This article investigates the conditions necessary for the emergence of the city as a space for political action. It draws on the example of transport policies in Greater Geneva, where the pursuit of projects with metropolitan overtones was favored to the establishment of a new metropolitan entity. The current majority trend, in response to decades of liberal thought and 20 years of New Regionalism and urban governance, tends to promote vertical and horizontal project-centered coordination in a flexible and fluid manner, embracing private interests and civil society without institutional shackles. Yet, evidence of the operability of flexible forms of governance is not supported by a broad spectrum of empirical data. This article aims to answer two questions: First, is it possible to implement projects necessary for the metropolis without a metropolitan institution? Second, do the projects undertaken strengthen, or help to create, a metropolitan scale of intervention through the emergence of a metropolitan frame of reference?

2016

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Are Budget Deficits Used Strategically?

Luisa Lambertini

This paper tests empirically the strategic explanation of budget deficits suggested by Tabellini and Alesina [13] and Persson and Svensson [12]. Tabellini and Alesina suggest that governments with different political orientation provide different public goods. The model predicts that: a) public good provision follows a political pattern; b) the incumbent that anticipates her defeat at the next election runs budget deficits to tie the hands of the future government. Persson and Svensson suggest that liberal governments prefer more public good provision than conservative ones. The model predicts that: a) the conservative (liberal) incumbent that anticipates her defeat at the next election runs budget deficits (surpluses); b) budget imbalances have a political color. Using U.S. and pooled data for sixteen OECD countries, we find little evidence that the incumbent’s probability of being voted out of office explains budget deficits, that the provision of public goods follows a political pattern or that budget imbalances have a political color.

2004

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E-Gov and Public Sector Reform: what roles for government in e-government?

Matthias Finger

E-Government is often conceived as the next logical step after public sector reform. However, the implications of this step are not always acknowledged. In this paper, I will first recall, how exactly e-government follows the various public sector reform efforts. I will then identify what this exactly means in terms of government's various roles, namely telecommunications infrastructures, software solutions and platforms, and e-government services. For each of these three roles, I will finally detail what exactly is expected from government from a liberal perspective. In conclusion, I will summarize the various roles of government in promoting e-government in terms of an overall e-policy.

The American Association for Computing Machinery2009

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