A percentage point or percent point is the unit for the arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points (although it is a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured, if the total amount remains the same). In written text, the unit (the percentage point) is usually either written out, or abbreviated as pp or p.p. to avoid confusion with percentage increase or decrease in the actual quantity. After the first occurrence, some writers abbreviate by using just "point" or "points".
Consider the following hypothetical example: In 1980, 50 percent of the population smoked, and in 1990 only 40 percent of the population smoked. One can thus say that from 1980 to 1990, the prevalence of smoking decreased by 10 percentage points (or by 10 percent of the population) or by 20 percent when talking about smokers only – percentages indicate proportionate part of a total.
Percentage-point differences are one way to express a risk or probability. Consider a drug that cures a given disease in 70 percent of all cases, while without the drug, the disease heals spontaneously in only 50 percent of cases. The drug reduces absolute risk by 20 percentage points. Alternatives may be more meaningful to consumers of statistics, such as the reciprocal, also known as the number needed to treat (NNT). In this case, the reciprocal transform of the percentage-point difference would be 1/(20pp) = 1/0.20 = 5. Thus if 5 patients are treated with the drug, one could expect to heal one more case of the disease than would have occurred in the absence of the drug.
For measurements involving percentages as a unit, such as, growth, yield, or ejection fraction, statistical deviations and related descriptive statistics, including the standard deviation and root-mean-square error, the result should be expressed in units of percentage points instead of percentage. Mistakenly using percentage as the unit for the standard deviation is confusing, since percentage is also used as a unit for the relative standard deviation, i.
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
This course addresses the relationship between specific technological features and the learners' cognitive processes. It also covers the methods and results of empirical studies on this topic: do stud
Déplacez-vous dans les expériences d'obéissance de Milgram, en analysant la dynamique de l'autorité et les facteurs influençant les niveaux de conformité.
A per cent mille or pcm is one one-thousandth of a percent. It can be thought of as a "milli-percent". It is commonly used in epidemiology, and in nuclear reactor engineering as a unit of reactivity. Statistics of crime rates, mortality and disease prevalence in a population are often given in "per 100 000". In nuclear reactor engineering, a per cent mille is equal to one-thousandth of a percent of the reactivity, denoted by Greek lowercase letter rho.
vignette|Visualisation d'un pour mille. La locution pour mille ou par mille est utilisée pour désigner un dixième d’un pourcentage. Il est écrit avec le signe ‰, qui ressemble au signe pourcentage (%) mais comporte un zéro supplémentaire. C’est une forme stylisée de trois zéros au dénominateur. Il permet de ne pas commettre l'erreur de placer une virgule sur un pourcentage. Il est inclus dans le bloc de ponctuation générale des caractères Unicode : U+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN (HTML ‰ ; - &permil ;).
thumb|upright=0.5|signe pour cent, %. Le pourcentage d'une partie d'un ensemble, ou d'un système physique, est le rapport d'une mesure (effectif ou grandeur extensive) de cette partie à la mesure correspondante de l'ensemble total (ou du système physique), exprimé sous la forme d'une fraction de cent. Le pourcentage est donc un nombre sans dimension (un nombre pur), mais pour en rappeler l'origine on le fait généralement suivre du signe « % », ou parfois de « /100 », de « pour cent » ou de l'abréviation « p.
I study a protectionist anti takeover law introduced in 2014 that covers a subset of all firms in the economy. The law decreased affected firms' likelihood of becoming the target of a merger or acquisition and had a negative impact on shareholder value. Th ...
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA2020
Elastomer composites are prepared by infiltrating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) into a porous ceramic structure of nanoparticles. This method differs from the conventional approach, where particles are dispersed into the polymer matrix, since here, the polym ...
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2022
Modern information technologies and human-centric communication systems employ advanced content representations for richer portrayals of the real world. The newly adopted imaging modalities offer additional information cues and permit the depiction of real ...