Théorie M

Résumé

La théorie M est une théorie physique devant unifier les différentes versions de la théorie des supercordes. L'existence de cette théorie fut conjecturée par Edward Witten en 1995, lors d'un colloque sur la théorie des cordes à l'Université de Californie du Sud. Cette annonce engendra un tourbillon de nouvelles recherches, qu'on a appelé la . Selon Witten le M de théorie M peut signifier magie, mystère ou membrane au choix, et le véritable sens ne s'imposera que quand la théorie sera formulée définitivement. Auparavant les théoriciens des cordes avaient identifié cinq versions de la théorie des supercordes. Ces théories paraissaient très différentes mais on a montré ensuite qu'elles étaient liées de façon complexe. En particulier, des théories apparemment distinctes peuvent être échangées par des transformations mathématiques appelées et dualité T. La conjecture de Witten se fonde en partie sur l'existence de ces dualités, mais aussi sur une relation entre la théorie des cordes et

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_M

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We use the embedding tensor formalism to analyse maximally symmetric backgrounds of N = 2 gauged supergravities which have the full N = 2 supersymmetry. We state the condition for N = 2 vacua and discuss some of their general properties. We show that if the gauged isometries leave the SU(2) R-symmetry invariant, then the N = 2 vacuum must be Minkowski. This implies that there are no AdS backgrounds with eight unbroken supercharges in the effective N = 2 supergravity of six-dimensional SU(3) x SU(3) structure compactifications of type II string theory and M-theory. Combined with previous results on N = 1 vacua, we show that there exist N = 2 supergravities with a given set of gauged Abelian isometries that have both N = 2 and N = 1 vacua. We also argue that an analogue of our analysis holds in five and six spacetime dimensions.

Springer2012

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In this letter, we discuss certain universal predictions of the large charge expansion in conformal field theories with U (1) symmetry, mainly focusing on four-dimensional theories. We show that, while in three dimensions quantum fluctuations are responsible for the existence of a theory-independent Q(0) term in the scaling dimension Delta(Q) of the lightest operator with fixed charge Q >> 1, in four dimensions the same mechanism provides a universal Q(0) log Q correction to Delta(Q). Previous works discussing fourdimensional theories failed in identifying this term. We also compute the first subleading correction to the OPE coefficient corresponding to the insertion of an arbitrary primary operator with small charge q < Q in between the minimal energy states with charge Q and Q + q, both in three and four dimensions. This contribution does not depend on the operator insertion and, similarly to the quantum effects in Delta(Q), in four dimensions it scales logarithmically with Q. (C) 2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.

ELSEVIER2021

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One fundamental problem of modern physics is the search for a theory of everything able to explain the nature of space-time, what matter is and how matter interacts. There are various propositions, as Grand Unified Theory, Quantum Gravity, Supersymmetry, String and Superstring Theories, and M-Theory. However, none of them is able to consistently explain at the present and same time electromagnetism, relativity, gravitation, quantum physics and observed elementary particles. In this book, it is suggested that Universe could be a massive elastic 3D-lattice, and that fundamental building blocks of Ordinary Matter could consist of topological singularities of this lattice, namely diverse dislocation loops and disclination loops. For an isotropic elastic lattice obeying Newton’s law, with specific assumptions on its elastic properties, one obtains the result that the behaviours of this lattice and of its topological defects display “all” known physics, unifying electromagnetism, relativity, gravitation and quantum physics, and resolving some longstanding questions of modern cosmology and particle physics. Moreover, studying lattices with axial symmetries, representedby “colored” cubic 3D-lattices, one has identified a lattice structure whose topological defect loops coincide with the complex zoology of elementary particles, which could open a very promising field of research.

Amazon2016

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