Concept
Morphophonologie
Concepts associés (17)
Phonological rule
A phonological rule is a formal way of expressing a systematic phonological or morphophonological process or diachronic sound change in language. Phonological rules are commonly used in generative phonology as a notation to capture sound-related operations and computations the human brain performs when producing or comprehending spoken language. They may use phonetic notation or distinctive features or both.
Underlying representation
In some models of phonology as well as morphophonology in the field of linguistics, the underlying representation (UR) or underlying form (UF) of a word or morpheme is the abstract form that a word or morpheme is postulated to have before any phonological rules have been applied to it. In contrast, a surface representation is the phonetic representation of the word or sound. The concept of an underlying representation is central to generative grammar.
Alternation (linguistics)
In linguistics, an alternation is the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization. Each of the various realizations is called an alternant. The variation may be conditioned by the phonological, morphological, and/or syntactic environment in which the morpheme finds itself. Alternations provide linguists with data that allow them to determine the allophones and allomorphs of a language's phonemes and morphemes and to develop analyses determining the distribution of those allophones and allomorphs.
Graphème
En linguistique, un graphème est la plus petite entité d'un système d'écriture. C'est l’unité graphique correspondant en général à l'unité orale qu'est le phonème (contre-exemple en français le graphème complexe qui renvoie à deux phonèmes). Contrairement à l'unité « lettre », le graphème correspond ainsi mieux à la phonologie d'une langue. Cela est particulièrement visible dans le cas des graphèmes dits « complexes ». Les graphèmes peuvent se distinguer en deux sous-types : graphème simple : graphème composé d'une lettre ; graphème complexe : graphème composé de deux ou trois lettres.
Phonemic orthography
A phonemic orthography is an orthography (system for writing a language) in which the graphemes (written symbols) correspond to the phonemes (significant spoken sounds) of the language. Natural languages rarely have perfectly phonemic orthographies; a high degree of grapheme–phoneme correspondence can be expected in orthographies based on alphabetic writing systems, but they differ in how complete this correspondence is.
Bracket
A bracket, as used in British English, is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. Typically deployed in symmetric pairs, an individual bracket may be identified as a 'left' or 'right' bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the directionality of the context. There are four primary types of brackets.
Alternance consonantique
L'alternance consonantique désigne les modifications que subissent les consonnes dans certaines langues suivant les formes qui les suivent (ou les précèdent) Les consonnes en finnois connaissent deux degrés de consonantisme suivant que la syllabe débutée par la consonne est ouverte (terminée par une voyelle) ou fermée (terminée par une consonne). La fermeture de la syllabe affaiblit certaines consonnes ou groupes de consonnes.