Mémoire procédurale | EPFL Graph Search

La mémoire procédurale est une forme de mémoire non déclarative. La mémoire procédurale est une mémoire à long terme implicite qui permet la motricité automatique. Elle fonctionne grâce à différentes zones du cerveau, comme le cervelet ou le striatum. Ces zones sont toutes reliées entre elles par des synapses fonctionnant avec des neurotransmetteurs. Cette association permet l’apprentissage progressif de procédures. Celles-ci sont d’abord traitées par la mémoire déclarative et de travail puis sont intégrées dans la mémoire procédurale grâce à la répétition. La mémoire procédurale est une mémoire sensible au sommeil et à la vieillesse. Cette mémoire est la plus résistante des mémoires, cependant, des pathologies peuvent quand même la toucher comme la maladie de Parkinson. Certains aspects de la mémoire procédurale comme le lien entre langage et apprentissage moteur restent encore inconnus à nos jours. Historiquement, la mémoire procédurale a été d'abord considérée comme une mémoire ay

The effect of sleep on motor learning in the aging and stroke population - a systematic review

Winifried Backhaus, Friedhelm Christoph Hummel

There is extensive evidence for positive effects of sleep on motor learning in young individuals; however, the effects of sleep on motor learning in people with stroke and in healthy older individuals are not well understood. The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the association between sleep and procedural memory performance - a marker for motor learning - in healthy older people and people with stroke. After searches in PubMed, Medline and Embase fourteen studies, including 44 subjects after stroke and 339 healthy older participants were included. Overall, sleep was found to enhance motor performance in people after stroke in comparison to an equivalent time of wakefulness. In addition, although evidence is limited, sleep only enhanced motor performance in people after stroke and not in age-matched healthy older adults. In older adults the effect of a sleep intervention did - in general - not differ from equivalent periods of wakefulness. Tasks with whole hand or whole body movements could show significant changes. The results suggest a delayed retention effect after longer breaks including sleep, hinting towards a changed learning strategy as a result of aging. Current evidence for sleep dependent learning in people after stroke is promising, however sparse.

IOS Press2015

Daytime sleep has no effect on the time course of motor sequence and visuomotor adaptation learning

Winifried Backhaus, Friedhelm Christoph Hummel

Sleep has previously been claimed to be essential for the continued learning processes of declarative information as well as procedural learning. This study was conducted to examine the importance of sleep, especially the effects of midday naps, on motor sequence and visuomotor adaptation learning. Thirty-five (27 females) healthy, young adults aged between 18 and 30years of age participated in the current study. Addressing potential differences in explicit sequence and motor adaptation learning participants were asked to learn both, a nine-element explicit sequence and a motor adaptation task, in a crossover fashion on two consecutive days. Both tasks were performed with their non-dominant left hand. Prior to learning, each participant was randomized to one of three interventions; (1) power nap: 10-20min sleep, (2) long nap: 50-80min sleep or (3) a 45-min wake-condition. Performance of the motor learning task took place prior to and after a midday rest period, as well as after a night of sleep. Both sleep conditions were dominated by Stage N2 sleep with embedded sleep spindles, which have been described to be associated with enhancement of motor performance. Significant performance changes were observed in both tasks across all interventions (sleep and wake) confirming that learning took place. In the present setup, the magnitude of motor learning was not sleep-dependent in young adults - no differences between the intervention groups (short nap, long nap, no nap) could be found. The effect of the following night of sleep was not influenced by the previous midday rest or sleep period. This finding may be related to the selectiveness of the human brain enhancing especially memory being thought of as important in the future. Previous findings on motor learning enhancing effects of sleep, especially of daytime sleep, are challenged.

Elsevier2016

Motor Performance Is not Enhanced by Daytime Naps in Older Adults

Winifried Backhaus, Friedhelm Christoph Hummel

The impact of sleep on motor learning in the aging brain was investigated using an experimental diurnal nap setup. As the brain ages several components of learning as well as motor performance change. In addition, aging is also related to sleep architectural changes. This combination of slowed learning processes and impaired sleep behavior raises the question of whether sleep can enhance learning and specifically performance of procedural tasks in healthy, older adults. Previous research was able to show sleep-dependent consolidation overnight for numerous tasks in young adults. Some of these study findings can also be replicated for older adults. This study aims to clarify whether sleep-dependent consolidation can also be found during shorter periods of diurnal sleep. The impact of midday naps on motor consolidation was analyzed by comparing procedural learning using a sequence and a motor adaptation task, in a crossover fashion in healthy, non-sleep deprived, older adults randomly subjected to wake (45 min), short nap (10-20 min sleep) or long nap (50-70 min sleep) conditions. Older adults exhibited learning gains, these were not found to be sleep-dependent in either task. The results suggest that daytime naps do not have an impact on performance and motor learning in an aging population.

2016

Daytime sleep has no effect on the time course of motor sequence and visuomotor adaptation learning

Winifried Backhaus, Friedhelm Christoph Hummel

Elsevier2016