Nap (fabric)Primarily, nap is the raised (fuzzy) surface on certain kinds of cloth, such as velvet or moleskin. Nap can refer additionally to other surfaces that look like the surface of a napped cloth, such as the surface of a felt or beaver hat. Starting around the 14th century, the word referred originally to the roughness of woven cloth before it was sheared. When cloth, especially woollen cloth, is woven, the surface of the cloth is not smooth, and this roughness is the nap.
Clothing technologyClothing technology involves the manufacturing, materials - innovations that have been developed and used. The timeline of clothing and textiles technology includes major changes in the manufacture and distribution of clothing. From clothing in the ancient world into modernity, the use of technology has dramatically influenced clothing and fashion in the modern age. Industrialization brought changes in the manufacture of goods. In many nations, homemade goods crafted by hand have largely been replaced by factory produced goods on assembly lines purchased in a consumer culture.
Doffing cylinderA doffing cylinder, also called doffing roller or commonly just doffer is a component used in textile mills to remove fiber from the main cylinder of a card, on which the fibers have been straightened and aligned. The main cylinder of the card will have one or two doffers that comb and remove the fiber. The doffer is set with pins that hold the fiber, which is then removed by a comb or knife and fed into the next stage of production. Doffers are also used in cotton pickers and other machinery that handle fiber.
Cotton baleA Cotton bale is a standard-sized and weighted pack of compressed cotton lint after ginning. The dimensions and weight may vary with different cotton-producing countries. A bale has an essential role from the farm to the factory. The cotton yield is calculated in terms of the number of bales. Bale is a standard packaging method for cotton to avoid various hassles in handling, packing, and transportation. The bales also protect the lint from foreign contamination and make them readily identifiable.
Cotton ginvignette|Cotton gin du , à Hamden. vignette|Premier usage de la machine à égrener le coton dans une plantation du Sud des États-Unis Le cotton gin, inventé en 1793 en Géorgie par l'Américain Éli Whitney, est une machine égreneuse, pour séparer la graine du coton de sa fibre. La machine, précédée par l'invention en 1778 du roller gin par Kinsey Burden, planteur de coton en Caroline du Sud, permettait de simplifier un travail exigeant alors beaucoup de main-d’œuvre et réalisé manuellement par les esclaves américains.
VêtementUn vêtement est un article d’habillement servant à couvrir une partie du corps humain. Il est le plus souvent en tissu mais les matériaux utilisés pour sa fabrication tendent à se diversifier au fil des siècles. La raison d’être d'un vêtement varie fortement selon les cultures et les périodes de l’histoire : pratique (protection), symbolique (signaler une posture morale) ou encore sociale (afficher un statut). Histoire du costume vignette|redresse=1.
Tricotthumb|alt="tricots"|Tricot : un bonnet tricoté, une pelote de laine et une paire d'aiguilles. Comme le tissage, le tricot est une technique utilisée pour fabriquer une étoffe à partir d'un fil. Le tricot est constitué de boucles, appelées mailles, passées les unes dans les autres. Les mailles actives sont tenues sur des aiguilles jusqu'à ce qu'elles puissent être bloquées par le passage d'une nouvelle maille à travers elles. thumb|200px|right|alt="tricot en chaîne"|Modèle de base de tricot en chaîne.
Cotton-spinning machineryCotton-spinning machinery is machines which process (or spin) prepared cotton roving into workable yarn or thread. Such machinery can be dated back centuries. During the 18th and 19th centuries, as part of the Industrial Revolution cotton-spinning machinery was developed to bring mass production to the cotton industry. Cotton spinning machinery was installed in large factories, commonly known as cotton mills. Spinning wheel The spinning wheel was invented in the Islamic world by 1030.
DofferA doffer is someone who removes ("doffs") bobbins, pirns or spindles holding spun fiber such as cotton or wool from a spinning frame and replaces them with empty ones. Historically, spinners, doffers, and sweepers each had separate tasks that were required in the manufacture of spun textiles. From the early days of the industrial revolution, this work, which requires speed and dexterity rather than strength, was often done by children. After World War I, the practice of employing children declined, ending in the United States in 1933.
Yarn realisationIn textile spinning, yarn realisation (YR), or yarn recovery, is an operational parameter of yarn manufacturing. It is the percentage conversion of raw material to finished yarn. The rest of the waste fibers with less value are compared to the weight of the produced yarn from a given weight of raw material. The quantity of waste removed during the various phases of yarn spinning, such as blow-room, carding, and combing, is often used to determine yarn realisation.
