Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Résumé

L'Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) est une agence gouvernementale fédérale des États-Unis dont la mission est la prévention des blessures, maladies et décès dans le cadre du travail. Pour ce faire, elle émet des règlements pour la sécurité et la santé au travail. L'OSHA a été établie par l' de 1970, l'une des lois majeures sur la sécurité au travail aux États-Unis. OSHA a développé la Norme 29 CFR de Gestion de la Sécurité des procédés (PSM), « Gestion de la Sécurité des procédés de produits chimiques à très haute dangerosité. » Inspection du travail Bien que les États-Unis n'aient pas ratifié la convention 81 de l'Organisation internationale du travail, l'ensemble OSHA / Wage and Hour Division (WHD) est couramment perçu comme le système d'Inspection du travail américain. Comme les membres d'organes d'inspection répondant à la règle internationale, les agents de l'OSHA ont un droit d'entrée dans les entreprises. Direction actuelle Depuis 20

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration

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Cours associés (3)

Le cours vise à donner les outils permettant d'appréhender de manière fondée et scientifique la question de l'analyse et de la gestion des risques technologiques et naturels, avec une attention particulière portée au domaine du Génie civil.

Creating performing infrastructures for transport systems have to consider effects and impacts on environment and safety. Managing transport systems and considering maintenance work impact the choices of the civil engineer.

This lecture provides insights in the design and technologies of Internet-of-Things sensor nodes, with focus on low power technologies. The lectures alternate every two weeks between sensing technologies of various kinds (prof. Ionescu) and their integrated circuit readouts (prof. Enz).

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Séances de cours associées (3)

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Using very toxic or especially hazardous chemical substances in a research and teaching institution

Sebastian Brückner, Jean-Luc Marendaz, Thierry Meyer

Wrong manipulation, storage or disposal of chemicals can cause great damage whether it occurs on industrial plants, in academia or at home. Amongst the numerous reasons, lack of knowledge and haste are the most common ones. Except for a few substances subject to international agreements, the academic world benefits from a great latitude in the use of chemicals. To make colleagues aware of the hazards and risks associated to chemicals, and protect them accordingly, the Occupational Safety and Health service of the School of Basic Sciences (SB-SST) has decided to submit to authorization the purchase and manipulation of very hazardous chemicals. The process starts by a thoughtful discussion with the requester about the substance and whether a less hazardous alternative could be used instead. If the request is validated, the work procedure is analyzed and the protective measures for safe manipulation of the chemical checked. Consequently the SB-SST authorizes or not the personnel to order the compound. This innovative participative risk-management concept is illustrated herein with osmium tetroxide, as an example of a lethal compound used in chemistry, biology and electronic microscopy. The data resulting from the authorization process is recorded in a database and the need to review the associated procedure and/or the authorization itself is performed twice a year during safety audits of the workplaces.

2016

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Safety Management and Risk Assessment in Chemical Laboratories

Kirstin Friedrich, Jean-Luc Marendaz, Thierry Meyer

The present paper highlights a new safety management program, MICE (Management, Information, Control and Emergency), which has been specifically adapted for the academic environment. The process starts with an exhaustive hazard inventory supported by a platform assembling specific hazards encountered in laboratories and their subsequent classification. A proof of concept is given by a series of implementations in the domain of chemistry targeting workplace health protection. The methodology is expressed through three examples to illustrate how the MICE program can be used to address safety concerns regarding chemicals, strong magnetic fields and nanoparticles in research laboratories. A comprehensive chemical management program is also depicted.

2011

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Expert Judgements in Risk Analysis: a Strategy to Overcome Uncertainities

Amela Groso, Thierry Meyer, David Nicolas Plüss

There is a need for a risk analysis technique specific for academic research laboratories. Since accurate accident data, normally required for quantitative risk analysis, are not available for this environment, expert judgements are often used to describe risks. However, these judgements are afflicted with linguistic, lexical or informal uncertainties. As a consequence, analyses made by different experts can lead to different results, which make risks incomparable. The purpose of this work is to analyse the effect of these uncertainties and to test strategies to improve the accuracy of the risk estimation based on expert judgements. Different calculation methods were used to compare the obtained risk scores. Results show that a multiplication-based formula, as used, for example, in the Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA), has an inconsistent variance of the risk score distribution. Another approach, using a logarithm-sum-based formula, gives more consistent results but introduces other drawbacks. An estimation method based on Bayesian networks is giving more consistent variances, which are crucial for the risk estimation. With a higher precision of the risk score results, the prioritization of risks can be enhanced and resources can be better allocated to improve the level of occupational safety in academic research laboratories.

2013

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