Mode de transport

Résumé

vignette|Autobus utilisant le Washington State Ferry Un mode de transport est une forme particulière de transport qui se distingue principalement par le véhicule utilisé, et par conséquent par l'infrastructure qu'il met en œuvre. Transport ou locomotion vignette|Transport par les airs et par la terre (page illustrative de The How and Why Library, 1909). Il ne faut pas confondre :

le transport et la locomotion : par exemple, la marche, la course, le patin à roulettes, la trottinette, la raquette, et tant d'autres, sont des modes de locomotion, car ils servent uniquement à « se déplacer », et pas à déplacer quelque chose d'autre que soi-même ;
le mode de transport et le mode de propulsion (ou de traction) : par exemple, la propulsion (ou la traction) peut être animale (animaux de trait), éolienne (par le vent en utilisant des voiles), motorisée (moteurs thermiques ou moteurs électriques).

Avant la révolution industrielle et l'invention de la machine à vapeur et du moteu

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_de_transport

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Concepts associés (27)

vignette|alt=Une planche du Larousse universel de 1922 illustrant les modes de transport|Une planche illustrant les modes de transport (Larousse universel en 2 volumes, 1922). vignette|Le réseau routi

vignette|Embouteillage à Los Angeles en 1953. Un embouteillage (« bouchon » ou « file » en Europe, « congestion » au Canada) est un encombrement de la circulation, généralement automobile, réduisant f

vignette|Mère transportant ses enfants dans un vélo cargo. Un mode de transport en fort développement dans les pôles urbains. vignette|Le vélo à assistance électrique permet d'étendre le rayon d'utili

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Cours associés (6)

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Séances de cours associées (5)

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As the complexity of urban planning increases by the discovery of new issues and new dynamics, it appears that the “role of the planner as the technical expert just supporting the political decision makers has been progressively substituted by the awareness of the wicked nature of planning problems” (Balducci and Mäntysalo 2013) and that “the notion of value-neutral expertise is no longer widely accepted” (Innes 1998). In this framework, an attempt to show the necessity for participation in public transportation planning for sustainable development derived to a proposal for defining the framework of participation, based on theories of communication, and a proposal for a series of important aspects to be taken into consideration for designing and assessing a participation framework, based on additional theories of participation processes. The study of two case studies in Switzerland and in Japan is then analysed with this framework and the results are discussed in a comparison, putting into perspective the specificities of each case with the aim of bringing a better insight about participation framework and processes. The extent to which are influenced public transportation in each case is also assessed, highlighting the need to focus on an issue specific to this transportation mode in order to make the study of participation process in this field relevant. Finally, a set of recommendation is proposed, based on the theory from the first part and the points highlighted in the second part. EPFL

2018

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Toward Sustainable Ridesourcing Services: A Simulation Study on the Effects of Congestion, Fleet Size, and Willingness to Share

Caio Vitor Beojone, Nikolaos Geroliminis

Human mobility in large cities is a complex dynamical system with high density of population, many transport modes to compete for limited available space and many operators that try to efficiently manage different parts of this system. New emerging modes of transportation such as ride-sourcing (known as Transportation Network Companies – TNCs) and on-demand services create additional opportunities, but also more complexity. It is imperative to understand how TNCs' operations can interfere in traffic conditions while replacing other transportation modes to seek improvements in urban mobility. Moreover, the matching process shall have a place and thus the impact of passengers' behavior too, in a ridesplitting scenario. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the effect of expanding fleet sizes for TNCs, passengers with different willingness to share, and operational strategies over congestion conditions under a sustainable perspective. This investigation considered a simulated urban network with real demand data from taxis in a megacity and incorporated traffic conditions through a Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD). Results show that sharing (allowing passengers to share their ride and have many passengers willing to do so) by itself is not capable of decreasing VKT if there is no control to the fleet size. On the other hand, sharing decreases the number of vehicles needed to provide high coverage and service times. To reduce emissions (by reducing VKT), TNCs should change their modus operandi; in a way to avoid that their fleet cruises without a defined trip (passenger with origin and destination).

2020

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On the inefficiency of ride-sourcing services towards urban congestion

Caio Vitor Beojone, Nikolaos Geroliminis

The advent of shared-economy and smartphones made on-demand transportation services possible, which created additional opportunities, but also more complexity to urban mobility. Companies that offer these services are called Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) due to their internet-based nature. Although ride-sourcing is the most notorious service TNCs provide, little is known about to what degree its operations can interfere in traffic conditions, while replacing other transportation modes, or when a large number of idle vehicles is cruising for passengers. We experimentally analyze the efficiency of TNCs using taxi trip data from a Chinese megacity and an agent-based simulation with a trip-based MFD model for determining the speed. We investigate the effect of expanding fleet sizes for TNCs, passengers’ inclination towards sharing rides, and strategies to alleviate urban congestion. We observe that, although a larger fleet size reduces waiting time, it also intensifies congestion, which, in turn, prolongs the total travel time. Such congestion effect is so significant that it is nearly insensitive to passengers’ willingness to share and flexible supply. Finally, parking management strategies can prevent idle vehicles from cruising without assigned passengers, mitigating the negative impacts of ride-sourcing over congestion, and improving the service quality.

2020

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