Amputation | EPFL Graph Search

vignette|Scène d'amputation d'un membre inférieur au . vignette|Peinture de Peter Baumgras ; soldat blessé à Deep Bottom en Virginie le 16 août 1864 (par une balle de mousquet dans la jambe droite), ayant survécu à l'amputation de sa jambe droite (faite au niveau de la hanche) vignette|Portrait de Lewis Francis (milice de New-York), amputé après avoir été blessé le , à la première bataille de Bull Run, poignardé d'au moins 14 coups de baïonnette dans la région du genou (lithographie tirée d'une peinture originale faite par Hermann Faber). L'amputation est l'ablation d'une extrémité du corps à la suite d'un traumatisme ou d'un acte chirurgical. Dans le cadre de la chirurgie, elle sert à limiter l'expansion incurable d'affections graves comme la gangrène. Elle peut être appliquée à titre préventif pour limiter la douleur ou éviter l'apparition d'autres pathologies. L’amputation est utilisée comme punition légale dans un certain nombre de pays, dont l’Arabie saoudite, le Yémen, les Émira

Motor imagery in spinal cord injured people is modulated by somatotopic coding, perspective taking, and post-lesional chronic pain

Polona Pozeg, Michele Scandola

Motor imagery (MI) allows one to mentally represent an action without necessarily performing it. Importantly, however, MI is profoundly influenced by the ability to actually execute actions, as demonstrated by the impairment of this ability as a consequence of lesions in motor cortices, limb amputations, movement limiting chronic pain, and spinal cord injury. Understanding MI and its deficits in patients with motor limitations is fundamentally important as development of some brain-computer interfaces and daily life strategies for coping with motor disorders are based on this ability. We explored MI in a large sample of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) using a comprehensive battery of questionnaires to assess the ability to imagine actions from a first-person or a third-person perspective and also imagine the proprioceptive components of actions. Moreover, we correlated MI skills with personality measures and clinical variables such as the level and completeness of the lesion and the presence of chronic pain. We found that the MI deficits (1) concerned the body parts affected by deafferentation and deefferentation, (2) were present in first- but not in third-person perspectives, and (3) were more altered in the presence of chronic pain. MI is thus closely related to bodily perceptions and representations. Every attempt to devise tools and trainings aimed at improving autonomy needs to consider the cognitive changes due to the body-brain disconnection.

Wiley2017

Six-Month Assessment of a Hand Prosthesis with Intraneural Tactile Feedback

Silvestro Micera, Francesco Maria Petrini, Stanisa Raspopovic, Ivo Strauss, Giacomo Valle

Objective Hand amputation is a highly disabling event, which significantly affects quality of life. An effective hand replacement can be achieved if the user, in addition to motor functions, is provided with the sensations that are naturally perceived while grasping and moving. Intraneural peripheral electrodes have shown promising results toward the restoration of the sense of touch. However, the long-term usability and clinical relevance of intraneural sensory feedback have not yet been clearly demonstrated. Methods To this aim, we performed a 6-month clinical study with 3 transradial amputees who received implants of transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrodes (TIMEs) in their median and ulnar nerves. After calibration, electrical stimulation was delivered through the TIMEs connected to artificial sensors in the digits of a prosthesis to generate sensory feedback, which was then used by the subjects while performing different grasping tasks. Results All subjects, notwithstanding their important clinical differences, reported stimulation-induced sensations from the phantom hand for the whole duration of the trial. They also successfully integrated the sensory feedback into their motor control strategies while performing experimental tests simulating tasks of real life (with and without the support of vision). Finally, they reported a decrement of their phantom limb pain and a general improvement in mood state. Interpretation The promising results achieved with all subjects show the feasibility of the use of intraneural stimulation in clinical settings. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:137-154.

2019

Comparison of linear frequency and amplitude modulation for intraneural sensory feedback in bidirectional hand prostheses

Francesco Iberite, Silvestro Micera, Francesco Maria Petrini, Stanisa Raspopovic, Ivo Strauss, Giacomo Valle

Recent studies have shown that direct nerve stimulation can be used to provide sensory feedback to hand amputees. The intensity of the elicited sensations can be modulated using the amplitude or frequency of the injected stimuli. However, a comprehensive comparison of the effects of these two encoding strategies on the amputees' ability to control a prosthesis has not been performed. In this paper, we assessed the performance of two trans-radial amputees controlling a myoelectric hand prosthesis while receiving grip force sensory feedback encoded using either linear modulation of amplitude (LAM) or linear modulation of frequency (LFM) of direct nerve stimulation (namely, bidirectional prostheses). Both subjects achieved similar and significantly above-chance performance when they were asked to exploit LAM or LFM in different tasks. The feedbacks allowed them to discriminate, during manipulation through the robotic hand, objects of different compliances and shapes or different placements on the prosthesis. Similar high performances were obtained when they were asked to apply different levels of force in a random order on a dynamometer using LAM or LFM. In contrast, only the LAM strategy allowed the subjects to continuously modulate the grip pressure on the dynamometer. Furthermore, when long-lasting trains of stimulation were delivered, LFM strategy generated a very fast adaptation phenomenon in the subjects, which caused them to stop perceiving the restored sensations. Both encoding approaches were perceived as very different from the touch feelings of the healthy limb (natural). These results suggest that the choice of specific sensory feedback encodings can have an effect on user performance while grasping. In addition, our results invite the development of new approaches to provide more natural sensory feelings to the users, which could be addressed by a more biomimetic strategy in the future.

NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP2018

Comparison of linear frequency and amplitude modulation for intraneural sensory feedback in bidirectional hand prostheses

Francesco Iberite, Silvestro Micera, Francesco Maria Petrini, Stanisa Raspopovic, Ivo Strauss, Giacomo Valle

NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP2018