Levo-Transposition of the great arteries is an acyanotic congenital heart defect in which the primary arteries (the aorta and the pulmonary artery) are transposed, with the aorta anterior and to the left of the pulmonary artery; the morphological left and right ventricles with their corresponding atrioventricular valves are also transposed.
Use of the term "corrected" has been disputed by many due to the frequent occurrence of other abnormalities and or acquired disorders in l-TGA patients.
In segmental analysis, this condition is described as atrioventricular discordance (ventricular inversion) with ventriculoarterial discordance. l-TGA is often referred to simply as transposition of the great arteries (TGA); however, TGA is a more general term which may also refer to dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA).
Simple l-TGA does not immediately produce any visually identifiable symptoms, but since each ventricle is intended to handle different blood pressures, the right ventricle may eventually hypertrophy due to increased pressure and produce symptoms such as dyspnea or fatigue.
Complex l-TGA may produce immediate or more quickly-developed symptoms, depending on the nature, degree and number of accompanying defect(s). If a right-to-left or bidirectional shunt is present, the list of symptoms may include mild cyanosis.
In a normal heart, oxygen-depleted ("deoxygenated") blood is pumped from the right atrium into the right ventricle, then through the pulmonary artery to the lungs where it is oxygenated. The oxygen-rich ("oxygenated") blood then returns, via the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium from which it is pumped into the left ventricle, then through the aorta to the rest of the body, including the heart muscle itself.
With l-TGA, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right atrium into the morphological left ventricle (which lies on the right side of the heart), then through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. The oxygenated blood then returns, via the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium from which it is pumped into the morphological right ventricle, then through the aorta.
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La transposition des gros vaisseaux (TGV) ou discordance ventriculo-artérielle dans la nomenclature actuelle est la malformation cardiaque congénitale cyanogène (responsable d’une cyanose) la plus fréquente chez le nouveau-né. Elle est caractérisée par une malposition des vaisseaux de la base du cœur telle que, à l’inverse du cœur normal, l'aorte est issue du ventricule droit et l'artère pulmonaire du ventricule gauche. La première description de cette malformation est attribuée à Matthew Baillie (1761-1823) à partir de l'examen anatomique du cœur d'un nourrisson âgé de deux mois (en 1793).
dextro-Transposition of the great arteries (d-Transposition of the great arteries, dextro-TGA, or d-TGA) is a potentially life-threatening birth defect in the large arteries of the heart. The primary arteries (the aorta and the pulmonary artery) are transposed. It is called a cyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD) because the newborn infant turns blue from lack of oxygen. In segmental analysis, this condition is described as ventriculoarterial discordance with atrioventricular concordance, or just ventriculoarterial discordance.
Les cardiopathies congénitales sont des malformations du cœur survenant au cours de sa formation, pendant la vie intra-utérine. Le terme « congénital » (littéralement « né avec ») est à distinguer du qualificatif « héréditaire » (« ce dont on hérite », ce qui est transmis par les ascendants). Une malformation congénitale, en particulier cardiaque, n'est pas obligatoirement héréditaire et peut correspondre à un accident isolé et qui ne se reproduira pas.
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