Precision-guided munitionA precision-guided munition (PGM, smart weapon, smart munition, smart bomb) is a guided munition intended to precisely hit a specific target, to minimize collateral damage and increase lethality against intended targets. During the First Gulf War guided munitions accounted for only 9% of weapons fired, but accounted for 75% of all successful hits. Despite guided weapons generally being used on more difficult targets, they were still 35 times more likely to destroy their targets per weapon dropped.
Guidance systemA guidance system is a virtual or physical device, or a group of devices implementing a controlling the movement of a ship, aircraft, missile, rocket, satellite, or any other moving object. Guidance is the process of calculating the changes in position, velocity, altitude, and/or rotation rates of a moving object required to follow a certain trajectory and/or altitude profile based on information about the object's state of motion.
Guidage de missilevignette|Un missile AIM-9 Sidewinder sur le point de toucher un North American F-86 Sabre lors d’un tir d’exercice à la base China Lake en 1977. vignette|Un Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk lance des leurres destinés à tromper les missiles à guidage infrarouge. Le guidage est l’ensemble des opérations qui permettent au missile de remplir sa mission, d’approcher de sa cible, malgré l’intervention de perturbations (turbulences de l’air, bruit des détecteurs, mouvement de la cible...).
Magnetic proximity fuzeA magnetic proximity fuse was patented by P.J. Eliomarkakis, (United States Patent US2434551 of January 13, 1948) although similar devices had been in service for nearly a decade. It is a type of proximity fuze that initiates a detonator in a piece of ordnance such as a land mine, naval mine, depth charge, or shell when the fuse's magnetic equilibrium is upset by a magnetic object such as a tank or a submarine. Magnetic field sensors and movement sensors inside the ordnance detect changes to the terrestrial magnetic field of the ordnance caused by another ferromagnetic object.
Fusée de proximitéthumb|Fusée de proximité Mark 53 telle qu'utilisée par l’United States Navy. Photo prise dans les années 1950. Une fusée de proximité, conçue à l'origine pour l'artillerie antiaérienne, sert à déclencher la détonation d'un explosif quand la distance entre la fusée et la cible est plus petite qu'une certaine valeur ou quand la fusée atteint une certaine altitude en tombant. Cette fusée d'artillerie serait l'une des plus importantes innovations techniques militaires apparues lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
