Self-awareness

In philosophy of self, self-awareness is the experience of one's own personality or individuality. It is not to be confused with consciousness in the sense of qualia. While consciousness is being aware of one's environment, body, and lifestyle, self-awareness is the recognition of that awareness. Self-awareness is how an individual experiences and understands their own character, feelings, motives, and desires. Neurobiology Neural basis of self Introduction There are questions regarding what part of the brain allows us to be self-aware and how we are biologically programmed to be self-aware. V.S. Ramachandran has speculated that mirror neurons may provide the neurological basis of human self-awareness. In an essay written for the Edge Foundation in 2009, Ramachandran gave the following explanation of his theory: "... I also speculated that these neurons can not only help simulate other people's behavior but can be turned 'inward'—as it were—to create second-order r

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The Insula Mediates Access to Awareness of Visual Stimuli Presented Synchronously to the Heartbeat

Javier Bello Ruiz, Olaf Blanke, Jonathan Dönz, Nathan Quentin Faivre, Bruno Herbelin, Rémi Martet, Roberta Ronchi, Roy Salomon

The processing of interoceptive signals in the insular cortex is thought to underlie self-awareness. However, the influence of interoception on visual awareness and the role of the insular cortex in this process remain unclear. Here, we show in a series of experiments that the relative timing of visual stimuli with respect to the heartbeat modulates visual awareness. We used two masking techniques and show that conscious access for visual stimuli synchronous to participants' heartbeat is suppressed compared with the same stimuli presented asynchronously to their heartbeat. Two independent brain imaging experiments using high-resolution fMRI revealed that the insular cortex was sensitive to both visible and invisible cardio-visual stimulation, showing reduced activation for visual stimuli presented synchronously to the heartbeat. Our results show that interoceptive insular processing affects visual awareness, demonstrating the role of the insula in integrating interoceptive and exteroceptive signals and in the processing of conscious signals beyond self-awareness.

Soc Neuroscience2016

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CUMULATOR — a tool to quantify and report the carbon footprint of machine learning computations and communication in academia and healthcare

Tristan Pierre Benoit Trebaol

"The cost of training machines is becoming a problem". This is the title of an article from The Economist published in June 2020 that highlights the staggeringly unappreciated the financial impact of AI [38]. However, these costs on are not limited to monetary concerns but also accrue a concerning environmental toll. One round of training for some of the most complex machine learning models can emit millions of kilograms of carbon dioxide due to the electricity consumed . With the growing popularity of ML and the digitization across all sectors, there should be a growing awareness of the potential impact of these technologies on the environment and their potential contribution to climate change. Then, their use could be rationalized and steps can be taken to responsibilize the offset of their impact. We hereby propose CUMULATOR: an open-source API to quantify and report the carbon footprint of machine learning methods. As a demonstration, we integrated this API within an ML based medical research platform called Alg-E, which will be used in a large scale medical research project in Tanzania and Rwanda. We use CUMULATOR to analyse the trade-off between accuracy and carbon footprint within Alg-E and extend it with simple visualisations. In parallel, we also propose a Carbon Statement Protocol to quantify and report the carbon footprint of individual work, which uses this project as a proof-of-concept. This protocol and CUMULATOR thus comprise a great set of tools to report the carbon footprint of a large-scale medical research trial and EPFL research projects in the future.

2020

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A Self-Aware Epilepsy Monitoring System for Real-Time Epileptic Seizure Detection

Amir Aminifar, David Atienza Alonso, Leila Cammoun, Farnaz Forooghifar

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent paroxystic neurological disorders that can dramatically degrade the quality of life and may even lead to death. Therefore, real-time epilepsy monitoring and seizure detection has become important over the past decades. In this context, wearable technologies offer a promising solution to pervasive epilepsy monitoring by removing the constraints with respect to time and location. In this paper, we propose a self-aware wearable system for real-time detection of epileptic seizures on a long-term basis. First, we propose a multi-parametric machine learning technique to detect seizures by analyzing both cardiac and respiratory responses to seizures, which are obtained using only the ECG signal. Second, in order to enable long-time epilepsy detection, we introduce the notion of self-awareness in our real-time wearable system. We evaluate the performance of our proposed solution based on an epilepsy database of more than 211 hours of recording, provided by the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), on the INYU wearable sensor. Our proposed system achieves a sensitivity of 88.66% and a specificity of 85.65% before applying self-awareness. Moreover, by controlling the energy-quality trade-offs using our self-aware energy-management technique, we can tune the battery lifetime of the wearable system to last between 67.55 and 136.91 days while, still outperforming the state-of-the-art techniques for wearable seizure detection, by achieving from 85.54% to 79.33% geometric mean of specificity and sensitivity.

2019

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BIO-483: Neuroscience: behavior and cognition

The goal is to guide students into the essential topics of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience. The challenge for the student in this course is to integrate the diverse knowledge acquired from those levels of analysis into a more or less coherent understanding of brain structure and function.

CS-444: Virtual reality

The goal of VR is to embed the users in a potentially complex virtual environment while ensuring that they are able to react as if this environment were real. The course provides a human perception-action background and describes the key programming techniques for achieving efficient VR applications

BIOENG-456: Controlling behavior in animals and robots

Students will acquire an integrative view on biological and artificial algorithms for controlling autonomous behaviors in animals and robots. Students will synthesize and apply this knowledge in oral presentations and exercises.

Conscience (biologie)

thumb|La conscience, telle qu'elle était conçue au . Robert Fludd, Utriusque cosmi maioris scilicet et minoris […] historia, tomus II (1619), tractatus I, sectio I, liber X, De triplici animae in corp

Human

Humans, or modern humans (Homo sapiens), are the most common and widespread species of primate. A great ape characterized by their hairlessness, bipedalism, and high intelligence, humans have a large

Intelligence artificielle

vignette|redresse=0.8|Les assistants personnels intelligents sont l'une des applications concrètes de l'intelligence artificielle dans les années 2010. L'intelligence artificielle (IA) est un ensembl