Concept
Gynécomastie
Concepts associés (46)
Toremifene
Toremifene, sold under the brand name Fareston among others, is a medication which is used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It is taken by mouth. Side effects of toremifene include hot flashes, sweating, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding. It can also cause blood clots, irregular heartbeat, cataracts, visual disturbances, elevated liver enzymes, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer. High blood calcium levels can occur in women with bone metastases.
Syndrome de Klinefelter
Le syndrome de Klinefelter ou 47,XXY est une aneuploïdie qui se caractérise chez l'humain par un chromosome sexuel X supplémentaire. L'individu présente alors deux chromosomes X et un chromosome Y, soit au lieu de 46. Sa formule chromosomique s'écrit « 47,XXY ». L'individu est alors de caractère masculin, mais infertile. Ce syndrome fut décrit en 1942 par Harry Klinefelter mais son étiologie était alors inconnue. C'est en 1959 que l'origine chromosomique de ce syndrome fut découverte, grâce à Patricia Jacobs.
Nonsteroidal antiandrogen
A nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) is an antiandrogen with a nonsteroidal chemical structure. They are typically selective and full or silent antagonists of the androgen receptor (AR) and act by directly blocking the effects of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). NSAAs are used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions in men and women. They are the converse of steroidal antiandrogens (SAAs), which are antiandrogens that are steroids and are structurally related to testosterone.
Dutastéride
Le dutastéride, vendu entre autres sous le nom de marque Avodart. Est un médicament principalement utilisé pour traiter les symptômes d'une hypertrophie de la prostate . Quelques mois peuvent être nécessaires avant que les bénéfices ne se manifestent. Il est également utilisé pour la perte de cheveux du cuir chevelu chez les hommes et dans le cadre de l'hormonothérapie chez les femmes transgenres . Il est pris par voie orale.
Prolactinome
A prolactinoma is a tumor (adenoma) of the pituitary gland that produces the hormone prolactin. It is the most common type of functioning pituitary tumor. Symptoms of prolactinoma are due to abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood (hyperprolactinemia), or due to pressure of the tumor on surrounding tissues. Based on size, a prolactinoma can be classified as a microprolactinoma (10 mm diameter).
5α-Reductase inhibitor
5α-Reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), also known as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) blockers, are a class of medications with antiandrogenic effects which are used primarily in the treatment of enlarged prostate and scalp hair loss. They are also sometimes used to treat excess hair growth in women and as a component of hormone therapy for transgender women. These agents inhibit the enzyme 5α-reductase, which is involved in the metabolic transformations of a variety of endogenous steroids.
Endocrine disease
Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology. Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups: Endocrine gland hypofunction/hyposecretion (leading to hormone deficiency) Endocrine gland hyperfunction/hypersecretion (leading to hormone excess) Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system.
5α-Reductase 2 deficiency
5α-Reductase 2 deficiency (5αR2D) is an autosomal recessive condition caused by a mutation in SRD5A2, a gene encoding the enzyme 5α-reductase type 2 (5αR2). The condition is rare, affects only genetic males, and has a broad spectrum. 5αR2 is expressed in specific tissues and catalyzes the transformation of testosterone (T) to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT plays a key role in the process of sexual differentiation in the external genitalia and prostate during development of the male fetus.
Androstanolone
Landrostanolone, ou dihydrotestostérone (DHT), est un métabolite biologiquement actif de la testostérone, formé dans la prostate, les testicules, les follicules pileux et les glandes surrénales sous l'action d’une enzyme, la 5-α-réductase, par réduction de la liaison Δ(4,5). L’androstanolone est une hormone androgène. Elle est responsable de la différenciation des organes génitaux externes en testicules à partir de la septième semaine du développement de l'embryon humain.
5-alpha réductase
La 5-alpha réductase, ou stéroïde-5-alpha réductase, est une oxydoréductase qui catalyse la réaction : Cette enzyme réduit la liaison Δ4,5 de la testostérone avec production d'androstanolone qui est également une hormone androgène, plus active encore que la testostérone. C'est un métabolite biologiquement actif, formé en premier lieu dans la prostate, les testicules, les follicules capillaires et la glande surrénale. Elle possède deux isozymes : les stéroides 5-alpha réductase 1 et 2 (SRD5A1 and SRD5A2).