In mathematics, a positive (or signed) measure μ defined on a σ-algebra Σ of subsets of a set X is called a finite measure if μ(X) is a finite real number (rather than ∞), and a set A in Σ is of finite measure if μ(A) < ∞. The measure μ is called σ-finite if X is a countable union of measurable sets each with finite measure. A set in a measure space is said to have σ-finite measure if it is a countable union of measurable sets with finite measure. A measure being σ-finite is a weaker condition than being finite, i.e. all finite measures are σ-finite but there are (many) σ-finite measures that are not finite.
A different but related notion that should not be confused with σ-finiteness is s-finiteness.
Let be a measurable space and a measure on it.
The measure is called a σ-finite measure, if it satisfies one of the four following equivalent criteria:
the set can be covered with at most countably many measurable sets with finite measure. This means that there are sets with for all that satisfy .
the set can be covered with at most countably many measurable disjoint sets with finite measure. This means that there are sets with for all and for that satisfy .
the set can be covered with a monotone sequence of measurable sets with finite measure. This means that there are sets with and for all that satisfy .
there exists a strictly positive measurable function whose integral is finite. This means that for all and .
If is a -finite measure, the measure space is called a -finite measure space.
For example, Lebesgue measure on the real numbers is not finite, but it is σ-finite. Indeed, consider the intervals [k, k + 1) for all integers k; there are countably many such intervals, each has measure 1, and their union is the entire real line.
Alternatively, consider the real numbers with the counting measure; the measure of any finite set is the number of elements in the set, and the measure of any infinite set is infinity. This measure is not σ-finite, because every set with finite measure contains only finitely many points, and it would take uncountably many such sets to cover the entire real line.
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In mathematics, a locally finite measure is a measure for which every point of the measure space has a neighbourhood of finite measure. Let be a Hausdorff topological space and let be a -algebra on that contains the topology (so that every open set is a measurable set, and is at least as fine as the Borel -algebra on ). A measure/signed measure/complex measure defined on is called locally finite if, for every point of the space there is an open neighbourhood of such that the -measure of is finite.
En théorie de la mesure, le théorème d'extension de Carathéodory est un théorème fondamental, qui est à la base de la construction de la plupart des mesures usuelles. Constitué par généralisation à un cadre abstrait des idées fondant la construction de la mesure de Lebesgue, et exposé sous diverses variantes, il est également mentionné par certains auteurs sous les noms de théorème de Carathéodory-Hahn ou théorème de Hahn-Kolmogorov (certaines sources distinguent un théorème de Carathéodory qui est l'énoncé d'existence, et un théorème de Hahn qui est l'énoncé d'unicité).
En mathématiques et plus précisément en théorie de la mesure, étant donnés deux espaces mesurés et on définit une mesure produit μ1×μ2 sur l'espace mesurable . La tribu produit est la tribu sur le produit cartésien engendrée par les parties de la forme , où appartient à et à : Une mesure produit μ1×μ2 est une mesure sur telle que : D'après le théorème d'extension de Carathéodory, une telle mesure μ1×μ2 existe, et si μ1 et μ2 sont σ-finies alors elle est unique.
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