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Concept
Échelles de modélisme ferroviaire
Résumé
Rail transport modelling uses a variety of scales (ratio between the real world and the model) to ensure scale models look correct when placed next to each other. Model railway scales are standardized worldwide by many organizations and hobbyist groups. Some of the scales are recognized globally, while others are less widespread and, in many cases, virtually unknown outside their circle of origin. Scales may be expressed as a numeric ratio (e.g. 1/87 or 1:87) or as letters defined in rail transport modelling standards (e.g. HO, OO, N, O, G, TT and Z.) The majority of commercial model railway equipment manufacturers base their offerings on Normen Europäischer Modellbahnen (NEM) or National Model Railroad Association (NMRA) standards in most popular scales.
Although scale and gauge are often confused, scale means the ratio between a unit of measurement on a model compared with a unit of measurement in corresponding full size prototype, while gauge is the distance between the two running rails of the track. About 60% of the world's railways have a track gauge of known as "standard gauge", but there are also narrow-gauge railways where the track gauge is less than standard and broad-gauge railways where the gauge is wider. In a similar manner, a scale model railway may have several track gauges in one scale.
In addition to the scale and gauge issue, rail transport modelling standards are also applied to other attributes such as catenary, rolling stock wheel profile, loading gauge, curve radii and grades for slopes, to ensure interoperation of scale models produced by different manufacturers. Globally, the two dominating standard organizations are NMRA in North America and MOROP in Europe with their NEM standard.
The first model railways were not built to any particular scale and were more like toys than miniature representations of the full size prototype. Eventually, the authenticity of models grew, and benefits of standardization became more obvious. The most significant and the most basic area of standardization was the model track gauge.
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Concepts associés (4)
Échelle 0
thumb|Maquette à l'échelle 0 au Kew Bridge Steam Museum à Brentford. vignette|droite|Réseau en voie Decauville 0-14 L'échelle 0 (échelle Zéro) est une échelle utilisée pour les trains miniatures. L'échelle est le 1/43,5 en France, le 1/48 aux États-Unis et le 1/45 dans d'autres pays, mais l'écartement des rails reste le même. L'échelle 0m (échelle 0-22,5) regroupe les écartements réels de 850 à 1250 mm et, avec elle, la voie métrique en modèle réduit. Ceci aussi bien pour les trains miniatures à l'échelle 1:43,5 que à l'échelle 1:45.
Échelles de modélisme ferroviaire
Rail transport modelling uses a variety of scales (ratio between the real world and the model) to ensure scale models look correct when placed next to each other. Model railway scales are standardized worldwide by many organizations and hobbyist groups. Some of the scales are recognized globally, while others are less widespread and, in many cases, virtually unknown outside their circle of origin. Scales may be expressed as a numeric ratio (e.g. 1/87 or 1:87) or as letters defined in rail transport modelling standards (e.
Échelle 1
1 gauge, gauge 1 or gauge one is a model railway and toy train standard that was popular in the early 20th century, particularly with European manufacturers. Its track measures , making it larger than 0 gauge but slightly smaller than wide gauge, which came to be the dominant U.S. standard during the 1920s. Gauge one was standardised, according to Model Railways and Locomotive magazine of August 1909, at . An exact 1:32 scale would yield for standard gauge prototype.
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