Concept
Herbier marin
Concepts associés (19)
Mangrove forest
Mangrove forests, also called mangrove swamps, mangrove thickets or mangals, are productive wetlands that occur in coastal intertidal zones. Mangrove forests grow mainly at tropical and subtropical latitudes because mangroves cannot withstand freezing temperatures. There are about 80 different species of mangroves, all of which grow in areas with low-oxygen soil, where slow-moving waters allow fine sediments to accumulate. Many mangrove forests can be recognised by their dense tangle of prop roots that make the trees appear to be standing on stilts above the water.
Schorre
Un schorre ou pré-salé est une étendue naturelle plane à végétation basse située à proximité du bord de mer, inondée par les eaux salées uniquement lors des hautes marées. Il correspond à la partie de l'estran qui va de la partie supérieure de l'étage médiolittoral à la partie inférieure de l'étage supralittoral et forme ainsi la frange haute des marais maritimes. Les schorres se développent en amont de la zone de vasière littorale qui reste généralement nue en région tempérée (la slikke) ou qui est colonisée par des palétuviers en région tropicale (la mangrove).
Nursery habitat
In marine environments, a nursery habitat is a subset of all habitats where juveniles of a species occur, having a greater level of productivity per unit area than other juvenile habitats (Beck et al. 2001). Mangroves, salt marshes and seagrass are typical nursery habitats for a range of marine species. Some species will use nonvegetated sites, such as the yellow-eyed mullet, blue sprat and flounder. The nursery habitat hypothesis states that the contribution per unit area of a nursery habitat is greater than for other habitats used by juveniles for the species.
Marine ecosystem
Marine ecosystems are the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems and exist in waters that have a high salt content. These systems contrast with freshwater ecosystems, which have a lower salt content. Marine waters cover more than 70% of the surface of the Earth and account for more than 97% of Earth's water supply and 90% of habitable space on Earth. Seawater has an average salinity of 35 parts per thousand of water. Actual salinity varies among different marine ecosystems.
Marine habitat
A marine habitat is a habitat that supports marine life. Marine life depends in some way on the saltwater that is in the sea (the term marine comes from the Latin mare, meaning sea or ocean). A habitat is an ecological or environmental area inhabited by one or more living species. The marine environment supports many kinds of these habitats. Marine habitats can be divided into coastal and open ocean habitats. Coastal habitats are found in the area that extends from as far as the tide comes in on the shoreline out to the edge of the continental shelf.
Carbone bleu
vignette| Cycle du carbone. Le carbone bleu fait référence au dioxyde de carbone retiré de l'atmosphère par les écosystèmes océaniques côtiers du monde, principalement les mangroves, les marais salés, les herbiers marins et potentiellement les macroalgues, par la croissance des plantes et l'accumulation et l'enfouissement de matière organique dans le sol. Plus de la moitié (55 %) du carbone biologique capturé mondialement l'est par des organismes marins vivants.
Seagrass
Seagrasses are the only flowering plants which grow in marine environments. There are about 60 species of fully marine seagrasses which belong to four families (Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae and Cymodoceaceae), all in the order Alismatales (in the clade of monocotyledons). Seagrasses evolved from terrestrial plants which recolonised the ocean 70 to 100 million years ago. The name seagrass stems from the many species with long and narrow leaves, which grow by rhizome extension and often spread across large "meadows" resembling grassland; many species superficially resemble terrestrial grasses of the family Poaceae.
Marine primary production
Marine primary production is the chemical synthesis in the ocean of organic compounds from atmospheric or dissolved carbon dioxide. It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis, which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds as its source of energy. Almost all life on Earth relies directly or indirectly on primary production. The organisms responsible for primary production are called primary producers or autotrophs.
Forêt de varech
Une forêt de varech (kelp forest en anglais) est une zone sous-marine densément peuplée de varech, des macroalgues brunes poussant dans des eaux de climats tempérés et arctiques, sur des substrats solides, tels que des substrats rocheux. Le varech, notamment par sa taille imposante, procure un habitat unique à bon nombre d'espèces marines. Certaines de ces zones figurent parmi les écosystèmes les plus productifs et diversifiés de la planète.
Océan
vignette|Animation montrant les découpages possibles en 5, 4, 3 ou 1 seul océan(s). vignette|Le grand océan planétaire, mis en valeur par la projection de Fuller. Un océan est souvent défini, en géographie, comme une vaste étendue d'eau salée comprise entre deux continents. En fait, il s'agit plutôt d'un volume, dont l'eau est en permanence brassée par des courants marins. Approximativement 70,8 % de la surface de la Terre est recouverte par l'océan mondial, communément divisé en cinq océans et en plusieurs dizaines de mers.