Baryon | EPFL Graph Search

Les baryons sont, en physique des particules, une catégorie de particules composites (c’est-à-dire non élémentaires) formées de trois quarks, dont les représentants les plus connus sont le proton et le neutron. Le terme « baryon » vient du grec barys, qui signifie « lourd » : il se réfère au fait que les baryons sont en général plus lourds que les autres types de particules. Caractéristiques Les baryons appartiennent à la famille des hadrons, ils sont composés de trois quarks. Leur spin demi-entier les classe dans la catégorie des fermions. En tant qu'hadrons, les baryons sont sensibles à l'interaction forte. En tant que fermions ils sont soumis au principe d'exclusion de Pauli et décrits par la statistique de Fermi-Dirac. Les baryons ont chacun leur propre antiparticule, les antibaryons, qui sont constitués de trois antiquarks. Familles Parmi les six saveurs de quarks existantes, seules les cinq plus légères (u, d, s, c et b) peuvent faire partie d’un bar

Exploring beyond the Standard Model: the Heavy and the Dark

Kin Shanho Eliaou Mimouni

Physics beyond the Standard Model can appear as new particles too heavy to be produced in experiments (the energy frontier) or interacting too weakly to be seen in our measurements (the intensity frontier). In the first part of this thesis, we study two dark matter models of electroweak WIMP coming from two limiting cases in the MSSM: the Higgsino and the Wino model. The dark matter candidate is a particle too heavy to be directly seen in colliders but it could be seen indirectly by astrophysical observations. Dark matter particles in the galaxy can annihilate to Standard Model particles and be detected by satellites. We consider the charged neutral mass splitting as a free parameter in the theory and investigate its effect on the Sommerfeld enhancement which gives an important boost to the annihilation cross-section, the main observable of indirect detection. In the second part of this thesis, we present an idea of a fixed target experiment so search for dark sector models, a class of model with very weakly interacting particles. This experiment uses the experimental setup needed for a future muon collider but is independent from the muon collider program. We study the reach of our experiment for three benchmark models, the dark photon, the dark Higgs, the heavy neutral lepton and we compare its expected performances to current and future experiments. In the third part of this thesis, we consider a more model-independent approach to the search for new physics. If new states are heavy, they can be integrated out and their leading effects are encoded in effective operators made of Standard Model fields. Assuming baryon and lepton number conservation, one can classify the effective operators of dimension-6 which give the leading contribution and constrain the coefficient of these operators by looking at precision observables. We compile results from LEP-I and LEP-II experiments as well as neutrino scattering and other low-energy observables. We allow all operators to be present with an arbitrary flavour structure. Our result can then be used to translate these constaints to specific models of new physics.

EPFL2019

Asymmetric dark matter and baryogenesis from pseudoscalar inflation

Yann David Cado, Eray Sabancilar

We show that both the baryon asymmetry of the Universe and the dark matter abundance can be explained within a single framework that makes use of maximally helical hypermagnetic fields produced during pseudoscalar inflation and the chiral anomaly in the Standard Model. We consider a minimal asymmetric dark matter model free from anomalies and constraints. We find that the observed baryon and the dark matter abundances are achieved for a wide range of inflationary parameters, and the dark matter mass ranges between 7-15 GeV. The novelty of our mechanism stems from the fact that the same source of CP violation occurring during inflation explains both baryonic and dark matter in the Universe with two inflationary parameters, hence addressing all the initial condition problems in an economical way.

Iop Publishing Ltd2017

Simulations of galactic disks including a dark baryonic component

Daniel Pfenniger, Yves Revaz

The near proportionality between HI and dark matter in outer galactic disks prompted us to run N-body simulations of galactic disks in which the observed gas content is supplemented by a dark gas component representing between zero and five times the visible gas content. While adding baryons in the disk of galaxies may solve some issues, it poses the problem of disk stability. We show that the global stability is ensured if the ISM is multiphased, composed of two partially coupled phases, a visible warm gas phase and a weakly collisionless cold dark phase corresponding to a fraction of the unseen baryons. The phases are subject to stellar and UV background heating and gas cooling, and their transformation into each other is studied as a function of the coupling strength. This new model, which still possesses a dark matter halo, fits the rotation curves as well as the classical CDM halos, but is the only one to explain the existence of an open and contrasting spiral structure, as observed in the outer HI disks

2009

Exploring beyond the Standard Model: the Heavy and the Dark

Kin Shanho Eliaou Mimouni

EPFL2019