Lobe pariétal

Résumé

Le lobe pariétal (ou cortex pariétal) est une région du cerveau des vertébrés. Il est situé en arrière du lobe frontal, au-dessus des lobes temporal et occipital. Anatomie D'un point de vue anatomique, le lobe pariétal est la partie du cortex cérébral délimitée par les sillons suivants :

le sillon central (anciennement scissure de Rolando) sépare le lobe frontal du lobe pariétal en avant ;
la limite postérieure du lobe pariétal avec le lobe occipital est marquée par le sillon pariéto-occipital (ancienne scissure perpendiculaire interne) qui n'est pas toujours bien visible ;
le sillon latéral (ancienne scissure de Sylvius) marque la limite inférieure du lobe pariétal sous laquelle se trouve le lobe temporal.

Les trois principales circonvolutions du lobe pariétal sont :

le gyrus postcentral qui est situé entre le sillon central, en avant, et le sillon postcentral, en arrière. Ce gyrus présente à sa base l'opercule pariétal au-dessus du sillon latéral.
le lob

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobe_pari%C3%A9tal

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (77)

Publications associées

Chargement

Personnes associées (18)

Personnes associées

Chargement

Unités associées (10)

Unités associées

Chargement

Concepts associés (38)

Le cortex cérébral (ou écorce cérébrale), d'origine prosencéphalique, est la substance grise périphérique des hémisphères cérébraux. Il se compose de trois couches (pour l'archi- et le paléocortex)

vignette|Vue tridimensionnelle du thalamus (en rouge). vignette|Thalamus (vue antérolatérale). vignette|Thalamus (vue supérieure). Le thalamus (du grec θάλαμος, chambre à coucher) est une structure

Le lobe frontal est une région du cerveau des vertébrés. Il est situé à l'avant des lobes pariétal et temporal. Anatomie Dans le cerveau humain, le sillon central (ou scissure de Rolando

Afficher plus

Concepts associés

Chargement

Cours associés (5)

Cours associés

Chargement

Séances de cours associées (9)

Séances de cours associées

Chargement

Evolution amplified processing with temporally dispersed slow neuronal connectivity in primates

Hassan Ghaziri, Giorgio Innocenti

The corpus callosum (CC) provides the main route of communication between the 2 hemispheres of the brain. In monkeys, chimpanzees, and humans, callosal axons of distinct size interconnect functionally different cortical areas. Thinner axons in the genu and in the posterior body of the CC interconnect the prefrontal and parietal areas, respectively, and thicker axons in the midbody and in the splenium interconnect primary motor, somatosensory, and visual areas. At all locations, axon diameter, and hence its conduction velocity, increases slightly in the chimpanzee compared with the macaque because of an increased number of large axons but not between the chimpanzee and man. This, together with the longer connections in larger brains, doubles the expected conduction delays between the hemispheres, from macaque to man, and amplifies their range about 3-fold. These changes can have several consequences for cortical dynamics, particularly on the cycle of interhemispheric oscillators.

National Academy of Sciences2009

Chargement

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neuropathology. Recent preclinical and epidemiological studies proposed statins as a possible therapeutic drug for Alzheimer's disease, but the exact mechanisms of action are still unknown. Biliverdin reductase-A is a pleiotropic enzyme involved in cellular stress responses. It not only transforms biliverdin-IX alpha into the antioxidant bilirubin-IX alpha but its serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity is able to modulate cell signaling networks. We previously reported the beneficial effects of atorvastatin treatment on biliverdin reductase-A and heme oxygenase-1 in the brains of a well characterized pre-clinical model of Alzheimer's disease, aged beagles, together with observed improvement in cognition. Here we extend our knowledge of the effects of atorvastatin on inducible nitric oxide synthase in parietal cortex, cerebellum and liver of the same animals. We demonstrated that atorvastatin treatment (80 mg/day for 14.5 months) to aged beagles selectively increased inducible nitric oxide synthase in the parietal cortex but not in the cerebellum. In contrast, inducible nitric oxide synthase protein levels were significantly decreased in the liver. Significant positive correlations were found between biliverdin reductase-A and inducible nitric oxide synthase as well as heme oxygenase-1 protein levels in the parietal cortex. The opposite was observed in the liver. Inducible nitric oxide synthase up-regulation in the parietal cortex was positively associated with improved biliverdin reductase-A functions, whereas the oxidative-induced impairment of biliverdin reductase-A in the liver negatively affected inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, thus suggesting a role for biliverdin reductase-A in atorvastatin-dependent inducible nitric oxide synthase changes. Interestingly, increased inducible nitric oxide synthase levels in the parietal cortex were not associated with higher oxidative/nitrosative stress levels. We hypothesize that biliverdin reductase-A-dependent inducible nitric oxide synthase regulation strongly contributes to the cognitive improvement observed following atorvastatin treatment.

Shenyang Editorial Dept Neural Regeneration Res2013

Chargement

Cortical and thalamic connectivity of posterior parietal visual cortical areas PPc and PPr of the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Giorgio Innocenti

The present study describes the ipsilateral and contralateral cortico-cortical and cortico-thalamic connectivity of the parietal visual areas, posterior parietal caudal cortical area (PPc) and posterior parietal rostral cortical area (PPr), in the ferret using standard anatomical tract-tracing methods. The two divisions of posterior parietal cortex of the ferret are strongly interconnected, however area PPc shows stronger connectivity with the occipital and suprasylvian visual cortex, while area PPr shows stronger connectivity with the somatomotor cortex, reflecting the functional specificity of these two areas. This pattern of connectivity is mirrored in the contralateral callosal connections. In addition, PPc and PPr are connected with the visual and somatomotor nuclei of the dorsal thalamus. Numerous connectional similarities exist between the posterior parietal cortex of the ferret (PPc and PPr) and the cat (area 7 and 5), indicative of the homology of these areas within the Carnivora. These findings highlight the existence of a frontoparietal network as a shared feature of the organization of parietal cortex across Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatherians, with the degree of expression varying in relation to the expansion and areal complexity of the posterior parietal cortex. This observation indicates that the ferret is a potentially valuable experimental model animal for understanding the evolution and function of the posterior parietal cortex and the frontoparietal network across mammals. The data generated will also contribute to a connectomics database, to further cross-species analyses of connectomes and illuminate wiring principles of cortical connectivity across mammals.

2019

Chargement

Shenyang Editorial Dept Neural Regeneration Res2013