Subnet (mathematics)In topology and related areas of mathematics, a subnet is a generalization of the concept of subsequence to the case of nets. The analogue of "subsequence" for nets is the notion of a "subnet". The definition is not completely straightforward, but is designed to allow as many theorems about subsequences to generalize to nets as possible. There are three non-equivalent definitions of "subnet". The first definition of a subnet was introduced by John L.
Indiscernabilité topologiqueIn topology, two points of a topological space X are topologically indistinguishable if they have exactly the same neighborhoods. That is, if x and y are points in X, and Nx is the set of all neighborhoods that contain x, and Ny is the set of all neighborhoods that contain y, then x and y are "topologically indistinguishable" if and only if Nx = Ny. (See Hausdorff's axiomatic .) Intuitively, two points are topologically indistinguishable if the topology of X is unable to discern between the points.
Axiomatic foundations of topological spacesIn the mathematical field of topology, a topological space is usually defined by declaring its open sets. However, this is not necessary, as there are many equivalent axiomatic foundations, each leading to exactly the same concept. For instance, a topological space determines a class of closed sets, of closure and interior operators, and of convergence of various types of objects. Each of these can instead be taken as the primary class of objects, with all of the others (including the class of open sets) directly determined from that new starting point.
Espace séquentielEn mathématiques, un espace séquentiel est un espace topologique dont la topologie est définie par l'ensemble de ses suites convergentes. C'est le cas en particulier pour tout espace à base dénombrable. Soit X un espace topologique. Un sous-ensemble U de X est dit « séquentiellement ouvert » si toute suite (xn) de X qui converge vers un point de U « appartient à U à partir d'un certain rang ». Un sous-ensemble F de X est dit « séquentiellement fermé » si la convergence d'une suite (xn) de F vers x implique que x appartient à F.
Ultrafilter on a setIn the mathematical field of set theory, an ultrafilter on a set is a maximal filter on the set In other words, it is a collection of subsets of that satisfies the definition of a filter on and that is maximal with respect to inclusion, in the sense that there does not exist a strictly larger collection of subsets of that is also a filter. (In the above, by definition a filter on a set does not contain the empty set.) Equivalently, an ultrafilter on the set can also be characterized as a filter on with the property that for every subset of either or its complement belongs to the ultrafilter.
Cauchy spaceIn general topology and analysis, a Cauchy space is a generalization of metric spaces and uniform spaces for which the notion of Cauchy convergence still makes sense. Cauchy spaces were introduced by H. H. Keller in 1968, as an axiomatic tool derived from the idea of a Cauchy filter, in order to study completeness in topological spaces. The of Cauchy spaces and Cauchy continuous maps is Cartesian closed, and contains the category of proximity spaces. Throughout, is a set, denotes the power set of and all filters are assumed to be proper/non-degenerate (i.
Partie denseEn topologie, une partie dense d'un espace topologique est un sous-ensemble permettant d'approcher tous les éléments de l'espace englobant. La notion s'oppose ainsi à celle de partie nulle part dense. La densité d'une partie permet parfois d'étendre la démonstration d'une propriété ou la définition d'une application par continuité. Soient X un espace topologique et A une partie de X.
Topologie initialeEn mathématiques, plus précisément en topologie, la topologie initiale, sur un ensemble muni d'une famille d'applications à valeurs dans des espaces topologiques, est la topologie la moins fine pour laquelle toutes ces applications sont continues. Deux cas particuliers importants de topologies initiales sont la topologie induite et la topologie produit. La notion duale est celle de topologie finale. Soient X un ensemble et (fi)i∈I une famille d'applications, chacune définie sur X et à valeurs dans un espace topologique Yi.
Kernel (set theory)In set theory, the kernel of a function (or equivalence kernel) may be taken to be either the equivalence relation on the function's domain that roughly expresses the idea of "equivalent as far as the function can tell", or the corresponding partition of the domain. An unrelated notion is that of the kernel of a non-empty family of sets which by definition is the intersection of all its elements: This definition is used in the theory of filters to classify them as being free or principal.
Espace T1En mathématiques, un espace accessible (ou espace T, ou de Fréchet) est un cas particulier d'espace topologique. Il s'agit d'un exemple d'axiome de séparation. Un espace topologique E est T si pour tout couple (x, y) d'éléments de E distincts, il existe un ouvert contenant x et pas y. Soit E un espace topologique.
